Tambahan PAL

REFERENSI

POST SEPTICTANK

Septictank dengan Mound

System

Septictank dengan Wetland

Sand Filter System

Spray Dispersal System

Subsurface Drip Disposal System

Recirculating Media Filter

Evapotranspiration Bed
System

PEEPOO BAG

I Pee, You Poo, We All Need Peepoo

(Emergency Sanitation Bags That
Grow Crops) - See more at:
http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/0
3/peepoo-bag-

NATURAL TREATMENT

The Braunschweig model

Abwasserverband Braunschweig

The idea of the Braunschweig model, developed by the

Abwasserverband Braunschweig, is unique in Germany.
Wastewater from the city and bio-energy from the countryside are combined to create a water-nutrient-energy cycle.

The Abwasserverband Braunschweig was founded on 30th

November, 1954. It is a water and ground association on the
basis of the Water Association Law from 1991 and therefore a
statutory corporation.

The wastewater from the city of Braunschweig and a number

of boroughs covered by the Gifhorn water board is mechanically and biologically purified in the wastewater treatment
plant Steinhof.

The entire operational area covers 4,300 hectares, approximately

2,700 of which are irrigated, agriculturally-used areas. The remaining area is covered by towns, streets, paths, ditches, woodland
and hedges.

The purified water is then subsequently used for the irriga tion of agricultural areas belonging to our members. The
plants thereby receive the necessary water and important
nutrients at the same time. In this way, we are able to ensure
the production of food and energy plants. We use the energy
plants for the CO2-neutral production of biogas in our biogas
plant, whereby electricity and heating for several thousand
Braunschweig households are produced.

70 committed employees ensure that the Braunschweig model

functions smoothly every day, as problems in just one individual
area could jeopardise the entire cycle.

Contact

Wipshausen

Celle L320,
Hillerse

214

BS-Wattenbttel (53)

Hannover
391
Wendeburg
214

Kreuz BS Nord
Magdeburg

Irrigation area

Our main tasks at a glance:

Abwasserverband Braunschweig
Celler Strae 22
38176 Wendeburg

wastewater purification
utilisation of wastewater through agricultural
usage and irrigation
utilisation of sewage sludge
sewer system operation
laboratory tests
biogas production through renewable raw materials

Foto: Amtenbrink & partner design

www.abwasserverband-bs.de

Tel.: +49 (0) 53 03 5 09 0

Fax: +49 (0) 53 03 5 09 50
info@abwasserverband-bs.de
www.abwasserverband-bs.de

Foto: Amtenbrink & partner design

Find out more about the

Braunschweig model at

http://www.abwasserverbandbs.de/en/who-we-are/history/

http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/201107/21/waterless-toilets

SIX OF THE MOST INNOVATIVE

WAYS TO PROCESS YOUR POO

Loowatt
Sealing a poo into a bag every time you go
to the loo might sound like a sectionable
offence, but Loowatt has a patented
technology that does precisely this. The
waterless toilet features a tube of
biodegradable polymer film which acts as
the bowl of the toilet. When it's "flushed",
the liner is pulled through a sealing
mechanism which separates the urine from
the faeces, allowing them to be stored
separately in hermetically sealed parcels.
As a result, no odour can escape from the
storage area below. The waste is then
placed into an anaerobic digester which
converts human waste into natural gas and
fertilizer. Loowatt has already received
funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation to pilot the system in
Madagascar.

Evolute
It might not be 100% waterless, but
Evolute does use 90 percent less water
than conventional toilets. The
technology relies on a rotating metal
sphere which seals off the sewer pit
(and the associated pong) at the
bottom of the bowl. The sphere has a
scoop-shaped bowl on the top which
collects your number ones and number
twos. When you flush, the sphere flips
quickly like Sweeney Todd's chair,
depositing the waste into the sewer
before being rinsed with a squirt of
water and rotating to its original
position. A second water jet rinses the
sides of the bowl. Both the Evolute's
rotation and water jets are powered by
the pressure of the water mains. The
result is that the system uses less than
one litre of water per flush, instead of
the standard six to 12.

Microwave
Georgios Stefanidis from the TU Deft
University is part of a team that aims
to use microwave technology to
transform human waste into
electricity. The system will require the
waste to be dried and then gasified
using plasma, which is created by
microwaves in tailor-made equipment.
This will generate syngas, a mixture of
carbon monoxide and hydrogen that
can be fed into a solid oxide fuel cell
stack for electricity generation. To
make the system self-sufficient, part of
the electricity produced will be used to
power the plasma gasification process,
while heat recovered from the syngas
stream and from the fuel cell exhaust
gas can be used for drying the waste.

Ecoloove
The bastard child of a rickshaw and a toilet cubicle, the Ecoloove is a simple device for bringing sanitation
to rural India. The toilet bowl separates urine and faeces to allow for more efficient decomposition. The
urine is drained off and can be used as fertiliser, while the solids are decomposed in a composting
chamber and can also be used after a few weeks as fertiliser. But Ecolove is more than just a waterless
toilet, it is positioned as mobile business for (mainly) women in India. They can buy a unit and rent the
toilet out in rural areas, thus collecting the sanitation waste. They can then sell on the resulting fertiliser to
farmers. Budding media moguls can even take advertising on the sides of the unit, adding further revenue.

Eloo
Eloo isn't a composting toilet, but
it treats and stabilises human
waste through dehydration and
evaporation. It first of all
separates the liquid and solid
waste and then dries it using
airflow and heat. Solids eventually
reduce to five to ten percent of
their original mass, while liquids -which filter into a drying tray -evaporate completely. Solarpowered fans can be added to
increase air-flow through the
system. Eloo can continue to work
even at low temperatures and
shouldn't need to be emptied for
a couple of years.

If all else fails -- feed it to the

robots

While many people in the developing world are starving, so

are the robots. And they are hungry for your poo. Bristol
Robotics Laboratory researchers have developed an
autonomous robot -- called the Ecobot III -- that can fuel
itself by eating and excreting, thanks to an artificial gut.
The robot can sustain itself over long periods by digesting
sewage using bacteria held in a stack of microbial fuel
cells. These produce hydrogen atoms which are drawn into
a fuel cell anode, which in turn generates an electric
current. The waste is purged by a peristaltic pump into a
litter tray.

1.the food is first collected by the robot,

Then through a dispenser it is passed into
48 separate anaerobic digestion
chambers.
2.the organic matter is metabolized by the
bacteria present in the anode chamber of
MFC's. the elctrons are passed by the
microbes present at the surface of the
carbon anode. These electrons are then
send to the cathode which is placed at
separate chamber. This whole process
results in creating an electric current.
Simultaneously, the hydrogen protons are
passed into a cathode chamber
containing water. The oxygen present in
water along with protons and electrons of
hydrogen results in producing more water
and a microbial fuel cell by product that is 3. the electric power produced by
every microbial fuel cell empower
released in the form of steam.

the ECOBOT III to work.

4. since the ECOBOT III uses organic
matter as its appetite therefore like
any other organic food consuming
creature ECOBOT III too produces
its own waste. A waste evacuation
pump is used by the robot to

http://mentalfloss.com/article/52363/5-toilet-technologiesfuture

5 TOILET TECHNOLOGIES
OF THE FUTURE

Solar-Powered Poop Blaster

Researchers at Caltech developed a
solar-powered waste-treatment system
that turns human waste into fuel. The
unit is designed to serve as many as
500 people per day, sporting two big
benefits: it's powered by the sun; and it
produces hydrogen, electricity, and
water. (That water can be used for
flushing the toilet again.)
How it works: the Caltech design
works at the processing end of a
conventional toilet/urinal setup. First,
waste flows into a holding tank that
starts a bacterial digestion process
(yes, gross). Then, the waste flows into
a a 40-liter electrochemical reactor
that uses electrodes to convert it into
hydrogen gas. From there, the
hydrogen can be used in fuel cells
handy if you have to do your business
at night, when the solar array won't
produce any juice.

Don't Pass Gas, Make Gas

The Delft University of Technology made a
proof-of-concept system that turns dried feces
into hydrogen gas.
How it works: First the poop is dried out,
then it undergoes a plasma gasification
process. Gasification is similar to plain old
burning, but it happens at much higher
temperaturesand with a different goal in
mind. Plasma gasification happens at
temperatures higher than 2,500C (!), when an
electric current passes through a gas, creating
plasma, which in turn is exposed to the predried feces. What you get out the other side is
primarily hydrogen, which is then stored in a
fuel cell.
Aside from the hydrogen fuel product, this
technology is interesting because its superhigh temperature promises to kill all pathogens
in the feces. That's a big public health bonus!

Don't Cross the Streams!

This "three-stream" toilet separates urine and
feces using a clever mechanical process.
How it works: When you squat over the
toilet, it automatically swivels open and
becomes ready for business (this is decidedly
unlike the "Honeybucket" open-air poop-pile
model you may have experienced at outdoor
events...). When you're finished, you work a
foot-pump to flush the toilet, and can
(optionally) observe your poop's progress
through a clear plastic window. Because the
waste streams (urine and feces) are
separated, they can be treated independently,
making the job of waste processing easier. The
toilet also automatically recycles water used
for flushing, and politely seals itself when you
stand up.
Researchers at Eawag (the Swiss Federal
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology)
see this toilet being paired with a wasteprocessing system to make a complete
solution for developing countries. Plus, they
made their prototype a lovely light blue,
making it an appealing place to take a pitstop.

Divert the Urine; Burn the Rest

Researchers at the National University of
Singapore focused on the power of pee for
their urine-centric fertilizer-creation process.
How it works: Using a urine-diversion
toilet, urine is separated from feces. The
feces is dried in a solar dryer and then
burned. The heat from burning the feces
evaporates the urine, which results in two
key products: water and fertilizer (urine
contains plenty of nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassiumunlike Brawndo, urine's got
what plants crave). In the end, you have
ash, water, and fertilizer, all of which can be
used in agriculture.
One key benefit of this system is that it
doesn't require any electricity to operate
it's all manual. That's also arguably a
drawback; running the whole thing by hand
is a lot harder than many of the automated
processes above. Then again, hey, free
fertilizer!

The Poop Grinder

Professor A.J. Johannes of Oklahoma State
University led a research group to
mechanically disinfect poop, making it safer
to handle. Well, maybe not to handle, but
to...deal with.
How it works: Johannes explains, "Feces is a
viscous substance. Heat is produced when
viscous substances undergo shear." Johannes
and his team created a machine in which a
cone sits inside a shell; the design is akin to
two ice cream cones stacked together. You
insert the poop in the gap between the outer
cone and the inner cone, rotate the cones,
and the poop gets surprisingly hot (as high as
200C just from shear force produced by
rotation) as it passes through. That heat kills
a lot of the hazardous stuff living in the poop,
thus reducing disease risk from untreated
waste. It's energy-efficient, because you
simply have to turn the crank, rather than
heat the poop directly.

SPACESHUTTLE WC

ECOSAN TOILET

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi
a/commons/a/a1/EcoSanRes_
%282005%29._Closing_the_loop_on_S

Burkina Faso

Senegal

China Erdos Eco-Town

The China-Sweden Erdos eco-town project (EETP)
initiated by the Dongsheng District Government
and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has
adopted the approach of sustainable sanitation in
multi-storey buildings in an urban large-scale
implementation for 3,000 residents. It is an fullscale urban residential area with urine diversion
dry toilets, recycling of human excreta, and
greywater treatment.
The photos were taken at two different occasions:
Aug 2007 (S. Rued) and Nov. 2008 (C Olt.)