Anda di halaman 1dari 23

Advance Antenna System

(ECE-6208)
Seminar on Rectangular Micro strip Patch
Antenna

By:Deepak Rasaily,ME-Modular

Subject Teacher: Garima Saini.

Roll No:141606

Assistent Professor,NITTTR.

ECE

Deptt:ECE
WMC-PRESENTATION BY DEEPAK RASAILY ROLL NO-141606

7/4/16

Content

Brief History

What are Microstrip Antenna?

Classification

Feeding Technique.

Rectangular Microstrip Antenna.

Models

Advantage &Disadvantages

Published papers.

Conclusion

References.

Brief History

Microstrip antenna technology began in the late 1970s.

Invented by Bob Munson in 1972 (but earlier work by Dechamps goes back
to1953).

By the early 1980s basic microstrip antenna elements and arrays were fairly well
established in terms of design and modeling.

Attentions to improving antenna performance features (e.G. Bandwidth), and to the


increased application of the technology.

The first aperture coupled microstrip antenna was fabricated and tested by a
graduate student, allen buck, on august 1, 1984, in the university of massachusetts
antenna lab.

Today Patch antennas play a very significant role in the world of wireless
communication systems.

What are Microstrip Antenna?

The Microstrip Patch Antenna is a single-layer design which consists generally of four parts (patch,
ground plane, substrate, and the feeding part)

A Micro-strip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which
has a ground plane on the other side.

Fig-1 shows Structure of MSPA:It has Patch (Rectangular) of Length (L) & Width (W), Thickness (t)
& height (h) of Substrate and the Ground plane.

Fig-2 Shows commercially available MSPA.

Basic Principles of Operation


Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one
side of a dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer
bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a
ground plane. T
The patch is generally made of conducting material such as
copper or gold and can take any possible shape. A patch antenna
is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by photo
etching
The patch acts approximately as a resonant cavity (short circuit
walls on top and bottom, open-circuit walls on the sides).
In a cavity, only certain modes are allowed to exist, at different
resonant frequencies.
If the antenna is excited at a resonant frequency, a strong field
is set up inside the cavity, and a strong current on the (bottom)
surface of the patch. This produces significant radiation (a good
antenna).

Different Shapes of Micro-strip Patch Elements

Different Parameters of Micro-strip


Antenna
L = Length of the Microstrip Patch Element
W = Width of the Microstrip Patch Element
t= Thickness of Patch
h = Height of the Dielectric
Substrate.

Design of the rectangular patch antenna

Calculate reff Effective dielectric constant.

Where r -- The dielectric constant of the substrate

Calculate

Calculate :

where

Design of the rectangular patch antenna

Resonance frequency for specific mode is

Where m, n are the operating modes of the Microstrip patch antenna, along
with L length W- width.

For the effective radiation the design of the structure is the utmost important
aspect and for this the width is calculated as:

Where

Rectangular Patch Antenna: Parameters

Directivity:Directivity is a fundamental antenna parameter. It is a measure of how 'directional' an antenna's


radiation pattern is. An antenna that radiates equally in all directions would have effectively zero
directionality, and the directivity of this type of antenna would be 1 (or 0 dB).

Input impedance

Reflection Coefficient: The degree of impedance mismatch is represented by


the reflection coefficient at that load and is given by:

Where ZL-Load & character impedance -Z0.

Rectangular Patch Antenna: Parameters

Return Loss :It can be said that when the load is mismatched the whole
power is not delivered to the load there is a return of the power and that is
called loss, and this loss that is returned is called the Return loss.

Gain: G = x D The efficiency of the antenna , D Directivity.

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

As the reflection coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, the VSWR ranges from 1 to


.

Radiation Pattern: A radiation pattern defines the variation of the power radiated by an antenna
as a function of the direction away from the antenna. This power variation as a function of the
arrival angle is observed in the far field.

Feed Techniques:

Microstrip patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods.

These methods can be classified into two categories- contacting and non-contacting.
In the contacting method, the RF power is fed directly to the radiating patch using a
connecting element such as a microstrip line.

In the non-contacting scheme, electromagnetic field coupling is done to transfer power


between the microstrip line and the radiating patch.

The four most popular feed techniques used are the

microstrip line and coaxial probe (both contacting schemes)

aperture coupling and proximity coupling (both non-contacting schemes).

Feeding Technique Comparisons

Feed type

Advantages

Disadvantages

No direct contact between feed and patch


Multilayer
fabrication required.

Feed Technique:
Proximity Coupled Can have large effective thickness for patch substrate and
much thinner feed substrate
Monolithic,Easy to fabricate,Easy to match by controlling
Spurious radiation from feed line, especially
for thick substrate when line width is significant
Microstrip Line
Insert position,Easy to match,Low spurious radiation

Coaxial Feed

Aperture Coupled

Easy to match
Low spurious radiation

Use of two substrates avoids deleterious effect of a


highdielectric constant substrate on the bandwidth and
efficiency
No direct contract between feed and patch avoiding large
probe reactance or width microstrip line
No radiation from the feed and active devices since a ground
plane separates them from the radiating patch

Large inductance for thick substrate


Soldering required
Multilayer fabrication required
Higher back lobe radiation

Methods of Analysis
The preferred models for the analysis of Microstrip patch antennas are the
transmission line model, cavity model, and full wave model (which include
primarily integral equations/Moment Method).
The transmission line model is the simplest of all and it gives good physical
insight but it is less accurate.In this method we assume that the patch is a
transmission line or a part of a transmission line.
The cavity model is more accurate and gives good physical insight but is complex
in nature. in this method we assume that the patch is a dielectric loaded cavity
The full wave models are extremely accurate, versatile and can treat single
elements, finite and infinite arrays, stacked elements, arbitrary shaped elements
and coupling. These give less insight as compared to the two models mentioned
above and are far more complex in nature.

ADVANTAGES

Microstrip patch antennas are increasing in popularity for use in wireless applications due
to their low-profile structure. Therefore they are extremely compatible for embedded
antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers etc...

The telemetry and communication antennas on missiles need to be thin and conformal and
are often in the form of Microstrip patch antennas.

Another area where they have been used successfully is in Satellite communication.

Some of their principal advantages are given below:


Light weight and low volume.
Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made conformal to
host surface.
Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large quantities.
Supports both, linear as well as circular polarization.
Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits (MICs).
Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.
Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces.

DISADVANTAGES
Microstrip patch antennas suffer from more drawbacks as compared
to conventional antennas. Some of their major disadvantages are
given below:
Narrow bandwidth.
Low efficiency.
Low Gain.
Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions.
Poor end fire radiator except tapered slot antennas.
Low power handling capacity.
Surface wave excitation.
Microstrip patch antennas have a very high antenna quality factor (Q).

Application

Mobile and satellite communication application: Mobile communication requires small, lowcost, low profile antennas. Microstrip patch antenna meets all requirements

Global Positioning System applications:microstrip patch antennas with substrate having high
permittivity sintered material are used for GPS.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):RFID uses in different areas like mobile


communication, logistics, manufacturing, transportation and health care

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax)

Radar Application:. Radar demands a low profile, light weight antenna subsystem, the microstrip
antennas are an ideal choice.

Rectenna Application: Rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to
directly convert microwave energy into DC power.

Telemedicine Application: In telemedicine application antenna is operating at 2.45 GHz.

Medicinal applications of patch: It is found that in the treatment of malignant tumors the
microwave energy is said to be the most effective way of inducing hyperthermia.

Published Research Paper

Trupti Ingale1, A.A.Trikolikar2, Gunjan Rathore3, P.C.Latane Simulation of


Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna I J I R S E T, Vol. 4, Issue 1,
January 2015.

I.

Abstract:

Simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating at a frequency


of 2.34 GHz.

II. The performance of antenna is studied in terms of parameter like, Gain,


Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, Impedance & Bandwidth of antenna.
III. Comparative result for circular and rectangular patch design is evaluated.

Parameters Values:

For a rectangular patch, the length L of the patch is usually 0.3333o <
L < 0.5 o, where o is the free-space wavelength.

The patch is selected to be very thin such that t << o (where t is the
patch thickness).

The height h of the dielectric substrate is usually 0.003o h 0.05o.

The dielectric constant of the substrate (r) is typically in the range 2.2
r 12.

Result Obtained:
Output Parameters
Physical Parameters
Effective Parameters
E-PLANE HPBW
H-PLANE HPBW
Directivity of patch
Directivity of patch

Rectangular
5.4816
(Width)
5.1584
(Width)
74.00000
74.00000
6.3624
8.0362 db

Simulation Result

References
Antenna Theory:Analysis and Design by CA Balanis,Third Edition PHI.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstrip_antenna.
Indrasen Singh, Dr. V.S. Tripathi ,Micro strip Patch Antenna and its
Applications: a Survey IJCTA | SEPT-OCT 2011
Trupti Ingale1, A.A.Trikolikar2, Gunjan Rathore3, P.C.Latane Simulation of
Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna I J I R S E T, Vol. 4, Issue 1, January
2015.

YOUR QUERRIES.
22

???????????????????????
WMC-PRESENTATION BY DEEPAK RASAILY ROLL NO-141606

7/4/16

23

WMC-PRESENTATION BY DEEPAK RASAILY ROLL NO-141606

7/4/16

Anda mungkin juga menyukai