Animal Classification

Prepared by:
Nidhi Gupta

Acoelomate

Psuedocoelomate

Coelomate

What do you use to rub off dead skin from body?

Bath Sponge
From where do we get it?
Its an exoskeleton of simplest form of animal- Phylum Porifera
Porifera- Have pores all over the body
Commonly known as sponges .
Are marine orgnisms.

Dissected structure of sponge

o Pores lead to canals.
o Water along with food and oxygen enter the body through these pores.
o Cellular level of organisation (No tissues or organs can be found).
o Non motile- can not move.
o Have Asymmetrical body.

The poriferan shown here is

Euplectella a wedding gift
for newly weds, popular in
Japan.

Phylum Coelenterata

Have sac like gastrovascular cavity

(coelenteron) in the body.
Tissue level of organisation.
Stinging cells (Nematocysts) on tentacles.

Hydra (sessile)

Phylum Coelenterata

Jelly Fish (mobile)

Symmetry- Radial
Sessile /stationary ( Hydra) or
mobile ( Jelly fish).
Live singly or in colonies.
Mostly marine

Jelly fish glow in water.

(Bioluminiscence)

A glimpse of coral garden in the depth of oceans

Corals are coelenterates living in

colonies.
Symbiotic assosciation between
algae (food) and
coral polyps (shelter and protection).

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Platy helminthes- means flatworms (dorsoventrally flattened body).

Either Free living (Planaria); or Parasitic (Liver Fluke).
Organ/Organ system level of organisation.
Symmetry- Bilateral (Divisible in left and right halves).
Acoelomate (No body cavity/coelom)

Phylum Nematoda

Have cylindrical body.

Parasitic worms:
Roundworm- Ascariasis
Filarial worm- Elephantiasis
Organ system level of
organisation.
Symmetry- Bilateral
Psuedocoelomate (False coelom).

Phylum Mollusca

Mollusca means soft bodied.

Have shells to protect them.
Muscular foot for movement.
Terrestrial (Snails) or marine (Octopus, oysters).

 Organ level of organisation.

(have kidneys like organs).
Open circulatory system.
Coelomate
Symmetry- Bilateral

Some shell less molluscs

From where do we get Pearls?

How many years does an

oyster take to form a pearl ?

Pinctada (bivalved pearl oyster).

When any foreign particle enters
the mollusc soft body, it secretes
a smooth silky crystalline
substance (nacre) around irritant
to protect itself. Deposition of
layers of nacre one upon another
results in pearl formation.
Pearl requires no polishing
unlike gemstones mined from
earth.
Oysters are cultured to obtain
pearls from them.

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Arthropoda
(largest group of Animal Kingdom)

Arthro poda means jointed legs.

Exoskeleton of chitin.
Organ System level of organisation.
Malphigian tubules for excretion.
Open circulatory system
Blood filled spaces (Haemocoel)
Symmetry- Bilateral

Phylum
Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata

Echino dermata means spinny skinned.

Exoskeleton of Calcium carbonate.
Organ system level of organisation.
Canal system for circulation.
Water driven tubefeet for locomotion.
Marine organisms.
Symmetry - Radial (in adults)
Bilateral (in larva)
Coelomate.
Ex: Star Fish, Sea cucumber, etc.

Phylum Chordata
A. Protochordata
Rudimentary notochord
present in some stage
and in some part of body
(if not entire length).
Ex: Balanoglosus

B. Vertebrata

Notochord present
Dorsal Hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal gill slits
Post Anal Tail

Notochord replaced by
vertebral column.
Ex: Fishes, Birds etc.

What does it mean by

cold blooded and warm blooded animal?
Is the blood warm and cold in different animals?

Puffer Fish

Cat Fish

Class Pisces

Lion Fish
Sea Horse

Flying Fish

Freshwater Fishes
Saw Fish

Marine Fishes
Catla

Shark

Gambusia
Sting Ray

Cartilagenous Fish vs Bony Fish

Mouth- ventral
Gills slits visible
Skeleton cartilagenous
Tail fin Heterocercal
Claspers in male Fish

Mouth- Terminal
Gills covered with operculum
Skeleton bony
Tail Fin Homocercal

Class Ambhibia

Red poison frog

Toad

Frog

Salamander

Class Reptilia

Eggs of Amphibians/Fishes vs Eggs of Reptiles/Birds

Eggs of a frog

Egg of a reptile

Eggs coated with jelly like

covering

Eggs with shells

Class Aves

Peacock
(Limited flight)
Ostrich
(Flightless)

Penguin
(Flightless)
(can swim)

Class Aves

Forelimbs modified into wings.

Feathers cover body.
Have beak (modified lip).
Hollow bones (pneumatic).

Class Mammalia

Mammals adapted for swimming

Blue whale

Dolphin
Mammal adapted for flying

Bat

Killer Whale

Egg laying Mammal

Mammals
Young ones grow in pouch

Mammals give birth to

fully developed young ones

Duck Billed Platypus

Kangaroo

Deer

Porifera
Coelenterata

Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Arthropoda

Mollusca
Echinodermata

Thank You