Asexual Reproduction

Living Environment

 Mitosis animation:
http://brodylab.eng.uci.edu/cgi-bin/j
pbrody/animation/files/6-973887139.ht
ml

Are you two twins?

Asexual Reproduction:
Used by many unicellular organisms,
plants, and lower animals.
Involves only mitotic cell division = each
offspring has exactly the same heredity
as its parent.
Usually rapid compared to sexual
reproduction. Types of Asexual
Reproduction Include:

Cut it half

Binary Fission =

simplest form of
asexual
reproduction.
Parent organism
divides into two
approximately
equal parts. Each
daughter cell
becomes a new
individual.

Binary Fission

Bacteria
Bacteria
No organized nucleus.
Genetic material in the form a
single circular chromosome.
Before division starts chromosome
is replicated then each daughter
cell gets one copy of the
chromosome.
Can occur every 20-min.

Protozoan
Protozoa Mitosis occurs.
Cytoplasm
pinches in and divides the
organism in half. Each half has a
copy of the genetic material.
Diagram.

 Protozoa Mitosis occurs.

Cytoplasm
pinches in and divides the
organism in half. Each half has a
copy of the genetic material.
Diagram.

They Where best buds

Budding = Parent organism

divides into two unequal parts.

The new organism is created as
a smaller out growth or bud on
the outside of the parent.
Buds will brake off and live
independently or remain
attached and form a colony.

Budding

 Yeast Once the yeast cell

reaches a certain size it
undergoes mitosis.

Once the genetic material is replicated

budding begins.

Hydra Cells on the outside of

the parent hydra begin to

undergo mitotic division creating
a small group of cells. Those
cells continue to divide until in a
completely new hydra is formed.
Can also reproduce sexually.

 Yeast cell cycle including budding:

http://brodylab.eng.uci.edu/cgi-bin/
jpbrody/animation/files/13-977277560
.html

Can I have some spore?

Spore Formation spores = small
specialized cells that contain a
nucleus and cytoplasm
surrounded by a thick outside
wall which protects the spore.
Under the right conditions the
spore can rise to a new
organism. Found in bacteria,
molds, yeast, mushrooms,
mosses, ferns and some

Spore formation

Dont try this at home

Regeneration = The ability to regrow lost or damaged body
parts. Hydra, planaria, starfish,
and earthworm More complex
animals less able to re-grow
parts. Crab can re-grow a claw.
Some reptiles can re-grow a tail.
Most mammals can repair
damaged tissue but can not regrow missing parts.

Regeneration

Vegetative
Reproduction

 Bulb = Short
underground
stem
surrounded by
thick leaves.
Contain stored
food. As the
plant grows it
produces new
bulbs which
will grow into
new plants.
Tulips, onions,

 Corms =

Similar
to bulbs
but do
not
contain
leaves,
just
undergr
ound
stems.
Water
chestnut
s.

 Tuber =
enlarged part
of an
underground
stem that
contains
stored food.
Potatoes are
tubers.
Eyes = tiny
buds that can
form a new
potato plant.
How you plant
potatoes.
Great potato
famine.

 Runner or stolen
= horizontal
stem above the
ground with
buds. If a bud
touches the
ground it will
form roots and
stems and start
a new plant.
Strawberries.

 Rhizome =

horizontal stem
that grows
underground.
Thick and
contains stored
food. Upper
portion form
nodes which
will form buds
which will form
new plants.
Lower portion
forms roots.
Ferns, cattails,
and water lilies.

Artificial Vegetative
Reproduction

Watch out for those old

ladies.
Cutting = use a
portion of a
developed plant to
make a new plant.
Roses, ivy, and
grapevines are
reproduced in this
way.

 Layering = a
stem is bent so
that it is covered
with soil. Once
the branch forms
roots it is
disconnected
from the original
plant.
Raspberries and
roses.

 Grafting = Bud
or stem of one
plant is
permanently
attached to
the stem or
trunk of a very
similar plant.
The cambium
layers grow
together and
form a single

Thats a strange cacti

Why Bother??
Advantages to artificial vegetative
propagation:
1. Plants that grow from seed are not
always exactly the same as their
parents.
2. Takes less time to artificially
propagate.
3. Can create seedless fruits.
4. Grafting can be used to generate
higher levels of fruit and nut
production.

Can robot teachers from the

future asexual reproduce?

(Relax that was a rhetorical question)

Websites
Yeast cell cycle including budding:
http://brodylab.eng.uci.edu/cgi-bin/

jpbrody/animation/files/13-977277560
.html
Mitosis animation:
http://brodylab.eng.uci.edu/cgi-bin/j
pbrody/animation/files/6-973887139.ht
ml