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SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION IN THE LIGHT OF

ASTRONOMY ON NATURAL DISASTERS

Presented By: Maryam khan


Class
:
X
Section
:
A
Subject
: Science

KEY TERMS
Disaster Management

A systematic process which aims to reduce the impact or consequences of any adverse
event like, Flood, Earthquake, Disease etc. It is more then just response and relief.

Hazard

It is a potential for a natural or Human-Caused event with negative impacts or


consequences.

Emergency

It is a situation generated by real or imminent occurrence od an event that requires


immediate response/Attention.

Disaster

It is a natural or human-caused event which causes intensive negative impact on


people, goods, services and/or environment acceding the affected communitys
capability to respond.

KEY TERMS

Risk
Risk is the potential or likelihood of an emergency to occur. For
example, the risk of damage to a structure from an earthquake is high if
it is built on or adjacent to an active earthquake fault. Risk can be
determined as product of Hazard H and Vulnerability V, R=H x V
Vulnerability
Vulnerability is the extent to which a communitys structure, services or
environment is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a
hazard, the vulnerability could be
i) Tangible/ Material
ii) Intangible/ Abstract

TWO DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

An Emergency is a situation in which the community is


capable of coping. It is a situation generated by the real or
imminent occurrence of an event that requires immediate
attention and that requires immediate attention of emergency
resources.
A Disaster is a situation in which the community is incapable
of coping. It is a natural or human-caused event which causes
intense negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the
environment, exceeding the affected communitys capability to
respond; therefore the community seeks the assistance of
government and international agencies.

2005 Hurricane Season

ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

Better data storage


Better data analysis
Handy in planning
Helpful for stakeholders/ Decision Makers

COMPONENTS OR TOOLS OF GEOSPATIAL


TECHNOLOGY

GIS
Remote Sensing
GPS

APPLICATION OF GIS

GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries


(user created searches), analyze the spatial information, edit
data, maps, and present the results of all these operations.
GIS provides environment for effective and efficient storage
and manipulation of remotely sensed or other spatial and
non-spatial data types for both scientific management and
policy oriented information.
The specific application in Risk Assessment are, Hazard
mapping to show earthquake, floods, landslide or fire.
These maps are used for warning system.

APPLICATION OF GIS

GIS application can be useful in the


following activities
To create Hazard inventory maps
Locate Critical Facilities
Create and manage associate related
database
Vulnerability Assessment

GIS AND THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Planning
GIS is useful in helping with forward planning. It provides the framework for
planners and disaster managers to view spatial data by way of computer based maps.

Mitigation

Representation of High risk areas


Facilitates the implementation of necessary mechanism to lessen the impact.

Preparedness

Identification of emergency areas


Positions of related departments, Agencies, and Human Resources
Make it easier for security and shelters provides to plan the strategies
Answer that who is to be based where and at what phase of emergency

GIS AND THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Response

Provide accurate information on exact location of an emergency


situation
Time saving during the determination of trouble areas (Quick Response)
Used as floor guide for evacuation routes

Recovery

Mapping level of damage


Information related to disrupted infrastructure, number of persons died
or injured and impact on Environment.

GIS AND EMERGENCY SHELTERS

GIS can be used by shelter operators to capture


specific personal details of persons being housed
at the shelters.
It would make it possible to assess the number of
needed shelters and the structure of that suffering
population like, children, adults, disables etc..

GIS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RELIEF

In affected areas during and after disaster, Food


Drops is always likely to take place.
This process can be helped with GIS as maps can
be generated which identify the specific areas
with clusters of victims are located and the
unique need of persons within these clusters.

GIS AND DATA GATHERING

The data is gathered for the analysis and to assess


the need of activities and actions before, during
and after the disaster.
By the use of this data, maps of most vulnerable
areas can be produced and those areas can be
highlighted which are most prone to disasters.

ADVANTAGES OF GIS

Ability to represent geographical information 2D and 3D


It provides the facility to integrate the different geo-spatial
information.
It effectively collect, analyze, manage and distribute up-todate information
It is versatile and easy to use for big purposes, but requires
a little training to get individuals involved in process.
The GIS based database provides better environment for
future planning.

SUGGESTIONS
OR
COMMENTS??????

THANK YOU FOR PATIENCE

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