Unit 1 # Estimation
Introduction
Building construction estimating is the probable construction costs of
any given project.
Many items influence and contribute to the cost of a project; each
item must be analyzed, quantified, and priced.
Because the estimate is prepared before the actual construction,
much study and thought must be put into the construction
documents.
If the estimated cost is greater than the money available, then
attempts are made to reduce the cost by reducing the work or
changing the specifications.
Specifications - general or/and detailed - nature, quality of work;
materials; workmanship, execution methods of work etc.
Purpose of Estimates
To know beforehand the cost of work
Types of Estimates
1. Preliminary Estimate / Approximate or Abstract or Rough cost
Estimate
2. Plinth Area Estimate
3. Cube Rate Estimate or Cubical Content Estimate
4. Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
5. Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate
6. Revised Estimate
7. Supplementary Estimate
8. Supplementary and Revised Estimate
9. Annual Repair or Maintenance Estimate
Influential Factors
Project type
Delivery system
Nature of delivery system contracts
Preliminary / Approximate
Estimate
Approximate Estimate
Prepared as design develops
Informs whether design meets the budget
Used to decide the financial position and policy for
administrative sanction by the competent administrative
authority.
In case of revenue generating projects, preliminary
estimate helps in justifying the investment.
Prepared from practical knowledge and cost of similar
works
Approximate Estimate
Cost of land
Cost of each building
Cost of roads
Water supply and sanitary works
Electrification etc.
Accompanied by
Plinth Area Estimate = Plinth area of the building x Plinth area rate
Cube rate is deduced from the cost of the similar building having
similar specifications and construction in the locality.
Example Taking 1960 as the base year, during 1989 the BCI was
360% above the base year.
The weights may be fixed on the basis of quantity or value. Here the
values are considered.
Detailed Estimate
Detailed Estimate
Dimensions, length, breadth and height of each item are taken out
correctly from drawing and quantities of each item are calculated
and abstracting and billing are done.
Detailed Estimate
Revised Estimate
Supplementary Estimate
Abstract should show the amount of the original estimate and total
amount including the supplementary amount for which sanction is
required.
Example
o Building whitewashing, painting, lift maintenance, minor repairs
etc.
o Road Works Patch repairing, repair of bridges and culverts etc.
Complete Estimate
Includes
o Cost of land
o Cost of legal expenses required between owner and contractor
o Engineering fees
o Architects fees
o Cost of work supervision
o Detailed estimate with contingencies
Initiative can be taken by R&BD too. In this case the proposal along
with preliminary estimate and report is sent to the concerned
department.
For major changes where the cost may exceed 10% of the original
cost, the administrative approval and technical sanction have to be
obtained again.
For petty works (not exceeding Rs. 1000) the administrative approval
and technical sanction are not needed.
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