French word Desastre, in which Des

stands for evil or bad and astre stands for

star.
Disaster Management Act,2005 defines it as
- Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap,
calamity or grave occurrence in any area,
arising from natural or man made causes or
by accident or negligence which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or
damage to and destruction of property. or
damage to,or degradation of environment
and is of such a nature or magnitude as to
be beyond the copying capacity of the
community of the affected area.

French word Desastre, in which Des

stands for evil or bad and astre stands for
star.
Disaster Management Act,2005 defines it as
- Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap,
calamity or grave occurrence in any area,
arising from natural or man made causes or
by accident or negligence which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or
damage to and destruction of property. or
damage to,or degradation of environment
and is of such a nature or magnitude as to
be beyond the copying capacity of the
community of the affected area.

Pakistan is geographically situated in such

place where it is bound to suffer very often
from natural disasters due to extremes of
climate.

Major types of natural disaster are identified

as:.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Floods
Heavy rains
Droughts,
Landslides,
Earthquakes and
Cyclones

 Temporary inundation of large regions

as the result of an increase in reservoir

or of rivers flooding their banks
because of heavy rains, high winds,
cyclones, storm surge along coast,
tsunami, melting snow or dam bursts.

 Inadequate capacity within the banks of the

river to contain high flows.

River bank erosion and silting of river beds.
Landslides-obstruction of flow
Synchronization of floods in the main and
tributary rivers.
Retardation of flow due to tidal and
backwater effects
Poor natural drainage
Cyclones and storm surge
Cloud burst and flash floods

 Reforestation.
Construction of levees.
Construction of dams, reservoirs and

channels diverting flood water called

floodways. Floodways-diverts flood
waters so that a controlled area of land
is flooded.
Soil management, contour ploughing,
crop rotation.

 Series of underground shock waves and

movements on the earths surface caused

by natural processes writhing the earths
crust.
UNESCO study shows that on an average
10,000 people die each year due to
earthquakes.
Every year over a million are recorded but
only a few are strong to cause substantial
damage.
Power of earthquake is reckoned in terms

 Classification on the basis of Ritcher scale

App.magnitude

Effects of shallow shocks in

populated areas

No of earthquakes
per year

8.0

Damage,nearly total

1-2

7.4

Great damage

7.0-7.3

Serious damage-rails bent

15

7.2-6.9

Considerable damage to buildings 100

5.6-6.1

Slight damage to buildings

500

4.9-5.5

Felt by all

1,400

4.3-4.8

Felt by many

4,800

3.5-4.2

Felt by some

30,000

2.0-3.4

Not felt but recorded

8,00,000

 Education about earthquake danger.

Canvassing should be done for

constructing earthquake resistant houses

in a specific manner in earthquake prone
areas.
A strict policy and law should be framed in
a hilly area to stop construction of multistorey building or it should not be more
than 12 meters height and be followed.

 Violent storm, often of vast extent,

characterized by high winds rotating

about a calm center of low
atmospheric pressure. This center
moves onwards, often with a velocity
of 50 km/hr.

Pre-requisites for cyclones

Warm ocean temperature-above 27 oC.
Absence of strong vertical wind shear.
Presence of low pressure.
Presence of coricolis force.

EYE of the cyclone Centre of the

cyclone where the wind speed remains
the lowest.

Rare in winter months

Pre-monsoon Apr-May

Bay of Bengal
CYCLONES

Arabian Sea

Post-monsoon Oct-Dec

Rainfall 50-100 cms in

24 hours

Wind
Speed

Storm tide 5-6 m

Speed 200 km/s up to
320 km/s

Death & Injuries

Crisis all around

Uprooting damage of
electricity, telecommunication
equipment as well as tress

Coastal Areas

Disaster

Destruction of public utilities

Destruction of crops

Damaging buildings

 Cyclone shelters should be constructed in

cyclone prone areas.

A cropping strategy has been evolved, keeping
in view cyclone seasons to reduce loss of
crops.
Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons can be
predicted in several days in advance.
Technical assistance regarding monitoring of
cyclone reduction comes from DC Metrological
Department which works through 10 cyclone
detection radars located on coasts.
A geo-stationary satellite (INSAT-1B) monitors
cyclone movements.

 An extended period of below normal

rainfall, a long term depletion of

groundwater, or the stunting of
vegetation growth due to lack of
water.

 Geographical location of our subcontinent

not favouring abundant monsoon rainfall.

Poor quality and excessive depth of
ground water limiting its use for irrigation.
Absence of perennial rivers and forests.
Poor water holding capacity of soil and
uneven distribution of rainfall.
Overgrazing, deforestation along with
mining.

 Mixed cropping by drought resistant

species.
Social forestry and waste land
development programmes.
Proper storage of water, utilization of
surplus water in water deficit areas,
developing rain water harvesting
methods in water deficit areas.
Regulating ground water.

 Downward movement of mass of rock or soil as a

result of slope failure.

Steep slopes
Fragile geology
High seismic activity
Intense Rainfall
Extensive deforestation
Unscientific cultivation on steep slopes and rapid
increase in developmental activities like road
construction, mining and rampant building
construction on hill slopes.
AVALANCHE Sliding of heavy snow mass along a
slope.

Depression

Loss &
damage to
cattle

IMPACT OF
DISASTER

Loss &
damage
to
building

Loss of
property

Fear

Loss &
damage to
human life

Anxiety

Uncertainity

Disruption
of business Epidemics
activities

A continuous & integrated process of planning,

organizing, coordinating and implementing
measures which are necessary or expedient for :

Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.

Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or
its severity or its consequences.
iii. Capacity building.
iv.
Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
v. Prompt response to any threatening disaster
situation.
vi. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of
any disaster.
vii. Evacuation, rescue and relief.
viii. Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
i.
ii.

Returning to normal life

through well-laid out plans.

Advance planning &

environmental
protection

lita

PPr r
eevv
eenn
titoio
nn

bi
ha
Re
n
tio
M
itig
at

Pr
ep
ar
ed
ne
ss
Measures designed to
organize & facilitate timely
and effective rescue, relief
and rehabilitation.
Measures at all level International to National

ion

Disaster
Management

To reduce both the

effect of hazard and
vulnerable conditions
through sustainable
development

 Whenever we go to protect the nature

from disaster we have to plan

preparement which is categorized into
4

1) Warning phase
2) Emergency phase
3) Rehabilitation phase
4) Recovery phase

a) In any kind of situation i.e flood, cyclone

we should be well aware of the conditions
like animals and humans died/affected.
For getting this information we have to
identify the vulnerable location which may
regularly be affected with disasters.
b) identify the animal population in that
location
c) formation of voluntary organization or
coordinating agency which may be govt

or the agency formed by non govt

organization.The major functions of these
organizations are:a)formation of rescue team
b)giving training to people how to act during
the natural disaster.
Procurement of resources
,feed,fodder,resources,medicine,vaccine
collected before and used while natural
disasters occur.

The action that we are going to take during

the natural disaster i.e action on the hour.
Major functions:1)rescuing of animals
2)removal of the animals to the safer places
3)treatment given to the animals at the
rescue centers.
4)vaccination to the healthy animals to
prevent spreading of infectious diseases.

Continuing phase of emergency phase

Major functions:1)compensation to the farmers who lost their
livestock. Compensation can be given by 2 ways:
a) by financial institution
b) by government
A committed veterinarian should be present in the
team for isolation of dead or infected animals and
identification of the farmers who have lost their
livestock.

Whenever disaster occurrs, to prevent

untoward incidence of nature, the govt has
issued a well planned schedule,by holding
2 meetings every year to discuss the
measures.

 III) District level Meeting

All the heads of different Govt

organizations will be called,among them
Joint Director of Animal Husbandary will
be the one,people of Army,Navy,Airforce
will also be called in these meetings.
IV) Meeting at the level of division

Different Govt officers along with

representatives from concerned deptts
will be called in the meetings.

V meeting by Joint director of disaster

prone districts
.Participants will be Directors/Assistant
directors from disaster prone areas.

Team

Member

Activities

Warning
phase
(multidisciplin
ary team)

VAS,Revenue
inspector,
village
extention
officer,
village
secretary,
members of
rescue team

Isolation & identification of

particular place for storing feed,
fodder, water etc
Procurement of life saving
drugs.
Procurement of vaccines
Procurement of feed and fodder
for a pd of 15 days
Preparing people to face
disasters
Selection of proper health camp
place for treatment the location
Sending information to the
higher authorities

Team

Member

2)During
natural
disasters2 teams
VAS
seen
1. Ist team Livestock
assistant and
attenders

activities

Rescuing of the affected

animals
Treatment of sick
animals
Supply of feed,fodder to
livestock
Vaccination of the
healthy animals
Sending information to
the higher authuorities

2. IInd team
VAS,Revenue Identification of
(Multidisciplinary inspector,villa carcass and
ge extension dead bodies of
team)
officer,
the animals
village
Identification of
secretory,
the farmers
insurance and disposal of the
carcass
banking
assistants
Information
send to the
higher officials

Post disaster VAS,

management Bank and
insurance
officials.
Team from the
Govt and
NGOS i.e.
Rescue Team

Arranging
compensation to
farmers who loose
their livestock through
the insurance
company
Facilitating the people
to get New Loans,
livestock units ,
infrastructure etc
Supply of cattle, feed
and fodder at
subsidiary rates
conduction of regular
health camps in
disaster prone areas