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Whats brought you along today?

What can I do for you?
What seems to be the problem?

Ive got a bad dose of flue.

Ive got terrible constipation.
Ive got swollen ankles.
Ive got a pain my stomach.
Ive got a pain my back.
2

How long have

been bothering
you?
Two or three days.
A week
A fortnight
For almost a month
3

Can you describe the pain?

Its very sore, like a knife

A felling of pressure
A burning pain
4

Which part of your head is affected?

Its right of my head

Wait a minute , we go to new topic

A sign of disease is something

that a nurse can see or feel for
herself. She can observe it.
A symptom of disease is
something that only the patient
knows about. The patient tells the
nurse about it.

Now look at these common complain

complaints : some are signs and some
are symptoms. Make two lists like the
example below.
Irregular pulse, dull pain,
stomachache, dizziness,
haematemesis, hunger, pallor,
diarrhoea, jaundice, thirst, dyspnoea,
constipation, headache, cyanosis,
anorexia, laceration, abrasion,
inflammation, shallow pulse, weight
gain, shallow respiration, backache.
8

Read this passage

Writing notes
A nurse observes her patient carefully. She observes
what happens to him, and what treatment the
doctors give him. She gives information about the
patients health to other members of the medical
staff.
Sometimes she must write down information about
the patient. When she does this, it must be easy for
other nurses and doctors to read it quickly. For this
reason she must use clear handwriting and write
brief notes.
Some word can be shortened. She can write pt
instead of patient and c/o instead of complains of
Here are some examples of how to write information
down briefly : Instead of The patient was sitting in
a chair, the nurse can write Pt. in chair.
If she gives a patients some water to drink, but he
says I dont want it, she writes Pt. refused water.
If a patient has been vomiting a lot, but then he
drinks some water and does not vomit, she write
Pt.
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tolerated water.

 The head is located at the top of the body

situated
The feet are located at the bottom of the
body
The arm are situated at the side of the body
The thorax is located between the neck and
abdomen.
The head is above and between the
shoulders.
The abdomen is situated below the thorax
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1. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is .. . .

2. The technical term for fluid in the tissues is . . . .
3. Blue lips or nail are a sign of . . . .
4. A patient The technical term for difficulty in breathing is ..
5. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is . . .
6. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is .. . .
7. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is . . .
8. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is .. . .
9. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is .. . .
10. The technical term for difficulty in breathing is .. . .

11

MEDICAL INTSRUMENT
By MAHDALENA

12

MAKING THE BEDS

Bed
Bed cover
Making the beds
Wheel locking device
Bedspread
Intermediate mat
Dispos2able mat (blue
mat)
Suspension bar (trapeze)
Bell

Rubber mat
Sheet
Mattress
Protective sheet for the
mattress
Pillow
Pillowcase
Backrest
Removable grate
13

EXPLANATION OF THE TERMS

The nurse makes the beds every morning
He/she turns the mattresses over
Then he/she puts the protective cover over
the mattress
Then he/she smoothes the sheet
The rubber mat is used for incontinent
patients

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 An intermediate mat is placed and secured above

the rubber mat
The disposable is put on the bed cover; the pillow is
put inside the pillowcase
Then the nurse puts the backrest a little upright
He/she position a suspension bar (trapeze) above
the bed
The nurse places the bell beside the trapeze so that
the patient will have easy access to call the nurse
The patient must press a button to call the nurse
The removable grate prevents the patient from falling
out of the bed
The wheels can be locked to prevent the bed from
rolling about
15

Expressions Used by The Nurse

We would like to make the beds, please get up!
Please sit in the chair we will be finished in a
minute
Do you want me to close the window so you will
not catch a cold?
Can you get up alone?
We would like to change your bedclothes
Please move over a little, we would like to change
the sheet
16

 Do not be afraid, you cannot fall out of the

bed, Im holding you
Do you need another blanket?
Have you rung for me?
Whats happened?
What can I do for you?
Do you want me to help you?
Could you please lift your buttock a little so
that we can better secure the intermediate
mat?
17

Expressions Used by the Patient

Nurse, please get me another blanket, I am
cold
Nurse, please pull the backrest up a little!
I want to talk to a doctor!

18

Mobilization
Terms :
To sit up in bed
To sit in the armchair
To walk with the help of various walking aids
(walking frame, walking stick, crutches,
walking aid on casters)
To be mobile
To sit across the bed
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Explanation of The Terms

The nurse helps the patient to sit up in bed
Then the patient lets his/her legs dangle from
the bedside (sitting across the bed)
One day later, he/she may sit in the armchair
Asa soon as the patient is better, he/she may
use the walking frame
Patient requiring no help in getting up and
walking are called mobile
20

Expressions Used by The Nurse

Where is your dressing gown?
Do you want me to help you to get up?
Do you want me to help you put on your
slippers?
Are you feeling better today?
Are you feeling dizzy?
I will take your blood pressure before you
get up

21

 Please remain in the armchair until after

lunch
I will put a pillow behind your back to make
you more comfortable
Please ring the bell if you feel bed!
Hold your head up!
Look straight ahead!

22

Expressions Used by The Patient

Nurse, I would like to get up!

Please help me to get up!
Nurse, I feel much too weak to get up!
Nurse, I feel dizzy!

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TAKING THE PATIENTS

TEMPERATURE
Terms :
Hypethermia (fever, above
Axially
measurement (ax.) 37.5C)

Digital thermometer Hypothermia (below 36C)

Mercurial thermometer
Wet compress
Rectal measurement (rec.)
around the lower
Shivering fit
legs (venegar
compress0
Subfebrile (raised)
Fever
temperature (between 37
Degrees centrigrade and 37.5C)
( C)
24

Explanation of The Terms

The body temperature is measured using a
mercurial thermometer or a digital
thermometer
The normal body temperature is 36 to 37 C)
If a patients body temperature is below 36 C,
this condition is called hypothermia
If a patients body temperature is above
37.5C, this condition is called hyperthermia or
fever
In case of high fever, the nurse administers a
cool wet compress to the lower legs using
water or adding an acetic admixture (vinegar
compress)

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In addition, the nurse washes the

sweating patient with cool water, changes
him/her into fresh clothing and gives
him/her sufficiently to drink. This is called
fever care
Patients suffering from shivering fits must
be well covered. Sometimes, the nurse
may give the patient at hot-water bottle
After use, the thermometers are cleaned
with an instrument disinfectant and stored
in a special container (or kidney bowl).
The number of thermometers is
continuously checked. In most wards, the
patients body temperature is taken twice
a day.

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Expressions used by the nurse :

Please put the thermometer under your
armpit
The thermometer is supposed to remain 5
to 7 minutes under your armpit
Please take care that the thermometer
doesnt slip out of place
I must take your rectal temperature.
Please turn over and pull up your legs!

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 Dont

be afraid, it wont hurt. I will

slip the tip of the thermometer very
carefully into your rectum. Please
just lie there and dont move. Ill be
finished in a minute.
Your temperature is 37.4 C. This is
slightly too high.
Youre running a fever! Your
temperature is 38.7 C
Everything is o.k. the fever has gone
down
28

Expressions used by the patient

Nurse,

I think Im running a fever!

Nurse, Im so cold!
Nurse, Ive lost the thermometer!

29

BREATHING
Terms :

Breathing exercises
Difficult breathing
Breathing rhythm
Respiratory arrest
Depth of respiration
Breath
Respiration
Expectoration (sputum)
Cough
Inhalation
Asphyxia (apnoea)

Air humidifying (wet

tent)
Normal breathing
(eupnoea)
Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen cylinder
Careful breathing
Sputum cup (spittoon)
Wall connection
Too slow breathing
(bradypnoe)
Too rapid breathing
(tachypnoea)
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Explanation of the terms

The

nurse checks the number of

breaths, the depth of respiration and
the breathing rhythm of the patient
Normal breathing is present if a
patient breathes 16 times per minute
Most breathing rhythm disorders are
pathological in character
Respiratory arrest means that the
patient has stopped breathing
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If a patient suffers from pain in the thorax

(chest) or abdominal area, his/her
breathing will be careful and shallow
(careful breathing)
Coughing is a protective mechanism to
remove foreign matter from the
respiratory system
Sputum is the exercise secretion of the
bronchial mucosa which is coughed up.
Admixtures if any such as blood, pus,
and cells must be recorded by the nurse
The patients sputum is collected in a
sputum cup

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Breathing exercises are designed to

eliminate respiratory deficiencies, loosening
and coughing up of the secretory product
Inhalation is the breathing in of vapors or
vaporized liquids with or without added
drugs
In case of oxygen deficiency, the nurse
administers oxygen in keeping with the
physicians orders
Oxygen is administered either through the
oxygen cylinder or via central gas pipe with
a wall connection
Oxygen may be administered via an oxygen
nasal cannula, an axygen mask or tube

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Expressions used by the nurse

Do

you find breathing difficult?

Ill put your backrest upright so you
can breathe better!
Please breathe deeply!
Please exhale slowly and regularly!
Ill give you an inhalator. You must
inhale twice a day so that the
bronchiale secretion is loosened!
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 Dont

remain in bed. You should

better get up and walk around a little
to get some fresh air, or youll catch
pneumonial!
Ill put a wet blanket (wet tent)
above your bed so that the air wont
be so dry
Please spit the secretion into the
sputum cup!

35

Expressions used by the patient

Nurse,

I cant breathe
Nurse, Im suffocating
Nurse, please help me to sit up, I
have difficulty breathing
Nurse, please give me the oxygen
cylinder

36

PULSE
Terms :
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
Extrasystole
Pulse
To take the pulse
tachycardia
37

Explanation of the terms

The nurse regularly check the patients
pulse
The nurse counts the number of beats per
minute and records all irregularities
(tachycardia, bradycardia, extrasystole, )
A normal pulse is 60 to 80 beats per
minutes
The pulse measure is entered into the
temperature chart

38

Expressions used by the nurse

Id

like to take your pulse, please

give me your arm
May I check your pulse
Do you always have such a
rapid/slow pulse?
Your pulse is O.K.

39

Expressions used by the patient

Nurse,

my heart is beating so fast

Nurse, my hearts been beating so
fast for the past half an hour
I feel so bad, Im sweating and my
hearts beating so fast

40

BLOOD PRESSURE
Terms :
Blood pressure
To measure the blood pressure
Hypertonia (more than 160/100)
Hypotonia (less than 100)
Circulatory collapse

41

Explanation of the terms

The blood pressure of healthy adult of
1300/80
Patient suffering from kidney diseases,
corpulence (adiposity) or vascular
scleroses often are affected by high blood
pressure (hypertonia)
A drop in blood pressure (hypotonia) and a
quickening of the pulse (tachycardia) often
indicate loss of blood or a shock

42

Expressions used by the nurse

You

are quite pale, sit down

Are you hot? You face is quite red. Id
better check your blood pressure
The patient has collapsed
He has fallen down
He has hurt himself
The patient has fainted
She has had a fainting fit
She has collapsed
43

 The

patient had a circulatory collapse

when getting up
Is your blood pressure always so low
(high)? Id like to check you blood
pressure. Please bare your arm.
Your blood pressure is normal,
everythings O.K.

44

Expressions used by the patient

Nurse,

I feel dizzy
Nurse, I feel bad, I think Im going to
faint

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THANK YOU FOR YOU

ATTENTION

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