The
Philippine
Development
Experience
Outline
1. Brief History Background of International
Migration
2. Current Profile of Population Leaving the Country
3. Current and Future trends in Migration and
Development
4. Objectives and Features of the National
Migration Policy
5. Some Challenges in Philippine Migration
6. Managing International Migration
Long history
The flow of migrant workers dates back to the
Spanish period as Filipinos manned the ships of the
Manila-Acapulco trade*
There were subsequent notable movements mostly
to the United States given special colonial
relationship between the two countries
Significant deployment started in the 1970s and
increased rapidly from 50,000 in 1975 to 1.6 million
by 2011
100%
1,600,000
90%
1,400,000
80%
70%
1,200,000
60%
1,000,000
50%
800,000
40%
600,000
30%
400,000
20%
200,000
10%
0%
Rehire
Permanent Migrants
Temporary, Sea-based
Rehire
Permanent Migrants
Temporary, Sea-based
Characterizing Migrant
Flows
1975
Total
50,527
Permanen
t
14,492
Temp,
landbased
12,501
New
hire
na
Re
hire
na
Temp,
seabased
23,534
Permanen
t
28.7
Temp,
landbased
24.7
New
hire na
ReCFO,
Source:
hire
naPOEA
Temp,
Levels
Annual Growth
1975- 1985- 1995- 20051985
1995
2005
2010
1985 1995 2005 2010
418,053 709,816 1,057,643 1,556,901
21.1
5.3
4 8.22
45,269
56,242
69,028
86,075
11.4
2.2
320,494 488,173
740,632 1,123,676
32.4
4.2
4.2
8.9
160,815 214,157
289,981
341,966
na
2.9
3.8
159,679 274,016
450,651
781,710
5.4
12
11.5
7.4
347,150
10.8
7.9
6.5
5.5
76.7
68.8
70
72.2
38.5
30.2
27.4
22
38.2
38.6
42.6
50.2
na
8
2 5.15
Stock of Migrants
Proportion of stock permanent workers increasing;
even though circular by nature, proportion of stock of
temporary workers is also increasing because of
increasing proportion of re-hires
Level
Proportion
10,000,000
100%
9,000,000
90%
8,000,000
80%
7,000,000
70%
6,000,000
60%
5,000,000
50%
4,000,000
40%
3,000,000
30%
2,000,000
20%
1,000,000
10%
0
2005
0%
2006
Permanent
2007
2008
Temporary
2009
Irregular
2010
2005
2006
Permanent
2007
2008
Temporary
2009
Irregular
2010
Characterizing Migrant
Flows
Destination of flow of permanent migration
is dominated by North-America
Level
Proportion
90,000
100%
80,000
90%
70,000
80%
60,000
70%
60%
50,000
50%
40,000
40%
30,000
30%
20,000
20%
10,000
10%
0%
Source: CFO
AUSTRALIA JAPAN
CANADA
NEW ZEALAND
USA*
Characterizing Migrant
Flows
Destination of flow of temporary workers is primarily
Middle East followed by Asia, particularly in recent
years
Level
Proportion
100%
1,200,000
90%
1,000,000
80%
70%
800,000
60%
50%
600,000
40%
400,000
30%
20%
200,000
10%
0
2004
Source: POEA
2005
2006
2007
Oceania
Middle East
2008
2009
2010
Trust Territories
0%
2004
Africa
2005
2006
Americas
2007
Europe
2008
Asia
2009
2010
Characterizing Migrant
Flows
Dominated by women;
but relatively recent
phenomenon, it was male dominated in the
Flow of Stock Migrants by Gender
1970s-1980s
Proportion
Levels
100,000
100%
90,000
90%
80,000
80%
70,000
70%
60,000
60%
50,000
50%
40,000
Female
40%
30,000
20,000
30%
Male
20%
10,000
10%
0%
Source: CFO
Female
Male
Recent Trends in
Remittances
Sustained
remittances
growth due to:
Diversity of
OFs skills
and
expertise
New and
expanded
markets
Expansion of
bank and
non-bank
services
Source: BSP
Recent Trends in
Remittances
Share of Remittances by Region Source
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
OTHERS
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE
OCEANIA
AMERICAS
OFWs represent a
major socioeconomic sector,
contributing
US$20.1 billion of
remittances in
2011
2003 to 2011
remittances
comprised about
7.6% annually of the
countrys GNI and
grew at an annual
Source:
average of 13.14%
BSP
over the last 8 years.
Migration Institutions
EO 797 (1982)
RA 8042 (1995)
Features
Institutionalized government participation
in overseas employment; Created OEDB,
NSB, BES to facilitate/regulate labor
migration
Established a Welfare Fund to provide
various services to OFWs; precursor of
OWWA
Created POEA that took over overseas
employment functions of OEDB, NSB, BES
Magna carta for migrant workers;
considered the first concrete measure and
public commitment of government to
protect the rights and promote the welfare
of OFWs
Summary (continued)
Legislation
RA 9208 (2003)
RA 9225 (2003)
RA 9422 (2007)
RA 10022 (2010)
Features
One of most comprehensive and progressive
anti-trafficking laws passed
Dual citizenship
Strengthened regulatory functions of POEA;
repealed phase out of POEA clause in RA 8042
Amends RA 8042; mandates government to
monitor international convents and ratify those
that protects migrant workers; encourage BLAs;
makes governing board of POEA accountable for
deployment of migrant workers; DFA
certification that countries has safeguards to
protect rights of migrants; compulsory
insurance
Policies
Features
Policies to Regulate
Measures to improve efficiency and reduce cost
Recruitment Practices of recruitment
Measures to combat fraud and recruitment
malpractices
Measures to combat illegal recruitment and
human trafficking
Policies to Protect
Employment Standards
Filipino Migrant
Dispute Settlement System
Workers
On-site Welfare Assistance
Policy Reforms for Deployment of Household
Workers
Forging of Bilateral Labor Agreements
Policies to Integration Integration Services
and Reintegration
On Site Support Services
Services for OFWs
Reintegration Program for OFWs
Source: POEA
Present challenges:
Migration Data
A comprehensive and consolidated migration
information system is yet to be realized.
Dispersed across agencies (DFA, POEA,
OWWA, NSO, and BSP)
Cross-referencing for consistency of
estimates remains difficult
Analysis is limited due to the lack of unified
framework across stakeholders
Pipeline projects for the expansion of eservices in industry regulation and case
monitoring:
2014: Development of online POEA services
e-Licensing
e-Workers Registration
e-Contracts Processing
e-Principal accreditation
2015: Enhancement of other application systems
Market Development System
Manpower Supply Development System
Adjudication Case Tracking System
Anti-Illegal Recruitment Monitoring System
Source: POEA
Initiatives: Diaspora
Communities
Diaspora to Development (D2D)
Initiative by the CFO for mobilizing
the Philippine Diaspora for
development in areas such as
investment, philantrophy, exchange,
return and reintegration
Maraming
Salamat!
Thank you
very much!