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Betty

Neumans
Systems Model

Betty Neuman

Betty
Neuman

Born 1924 near Lowell, Ohio

1947,received RN Diploma from Peoples


Hospital School of Nursing, Akron, Ohio

1957,

she attended University of


California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with
double major in psychology and public
health

Betty Neuman

1966, received BS in Nursing in UCLA


In 1972 her model was first published
as a Model for teaching total person
approach to patient problems in Nursing
Research.
In 1985 she received her doctorate in
Clinical Psychology from Pacific Western
University.

1988, received second honorary


doctorate - this one from Grand Valley
State University, Allendale, Michigan.

Health is a condition
in which all parts and
subparts are in
harmony with the
whole of the client.

METAPARADIGM

Person

an open system that works together with other


parts of its body as it interact with the environment

a dynamic composite of the interrelationship of five


variables: (1.) physiological, (2.) psychological, (3.)
sociocultural, (4.) developmental, and (5.) spiritual

has protective mechanisms for the basic structure,


and maintains clients system stability: (1.) flexible
line of defense, (2.) normal line of defense, and (3.)
lines of resistance

Flexible Line of Defense


Normal Line of Defense
CORE
CORE

Lines of Resistance

Health

dynamic condition

equated with stability of normal line of


defense

Wellness exists when all the part or


system of person works harmoniously

Health
Sta
bil
it

ny
o
rm
a
H

y
Flexible Line of Defense

CORE
CORE

Lines of Resistance

nc
a
l
a
B

W
e
l
l
ne s

Normal Line of Defense

Health

Environment

can be internal, external, and created


force (stressors) that interacts with a
persons state of health

has the potential to alter or improve


stability of systems

Interpersonal
S

S
T

Intrapersonal

T
R

Extrapersonal

R
E

Flexible Line of Defense S

S
Normal Line of Defense

CORE
CORE

R
S

Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Extrapersonal

O
R

Lines of Resistance

Nursing

a unique profession hat requires


holistic approach considers all
factors affecting a clients health

aims to promote optimal wellness to


its client through retention,
attainment, or maintenance of the
stability of clients system

Nursing (cont.)

nurse helps the different levels of


clientele: individual, family, and groups in
achieving and maintaining an optimal
wellness through intervention with the
goal of reducing stress factors and its
adverse effects to the optimal functioning
of an individual in any given situation

nursing consists of intervention


modalities of prevention which can be:
(1.) primary, (2.) secondary, (3.) tertiary

Health
Sta
bil
it

ny
o
rm
a
H

y
Flexible Line of Defense
(Primary Prevention)

Normal Line of Defense


(Secondary Prevention)

CORE

Lines of Resistance
(Tertiary Prevention)

nc
a
l
a
B

W
e
l
l
ne s

CORE

Health

Once an individual is exposed to stress,


the flexible line of defense will be alarmed
to protect the normal (solid) line of defense to
keep the system free from stressor reactions.
However, if this individual is continuously
exposed to stress and if the flexible line of
defense is unable anymore to cope up with
the stressors, the normal line of defense will
be altered. If this happens, there will be a
threat to the wall that protects the basic
structure of the individual and therefore
causing instability of the systems and illness
develops.

Flexible Line of Defense

Normal Line of Defense

CORE
CORE

STRESSORS
(Intrapersonal, Interpersonal,
Extrapersonal)

ILLN ESS

Lines of Resistance

Health is a condition
in which all parts and
subparts are in
harmony with the
whole of the client.

Thank you!!!

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