THREE PHASE

SYSTEM
BASICS

Line voltage VL= voltage between lines

Phase voltage Vph= voltage between a
line and neutral

THREE PHASE
SYSTEM
BALANCED STAR

Line Voltage VL=

3 Vph
Line current IL =
Iph

THREE PHASE
SYSTEM
BALANCED DELTA

Line Voltage VL=

Vph
Line current IL = 3
Iph

THREE PHASE
TRANSFORMERS
Almost all major generation &
Distribution Systems in the world are
three phase ac systems
Three phase transformers play an
important role in these systems
3 phase transformers can be
constructed from
(a)3 single phase transformers
(b) 2 single phase transformers
(c ) using a common core for three
phase windings

Transformers

Very large three-phase network transformer.

6

3 phase Transformer
connections
By connecting three single phase
transformers
1. Star- Star connection
2. Delta- Delta connection
3. Star Delta connection
4. Delta Star connection

Star- Star connection

This connection satisfactory only in

balanced load otherwise neutral
point will be shifted.

Star- Star connection

Advantages
1.Requires less turns per winding ie
cheaper
Phase voltage is 1/3 times of
line voltage
2.Cross section of winding is large ie
stronger to bear
stress during short circuit
Line current is equal to phase
current
3. Less dielectric strength in insulating

Star- Star connection

Disadvantages
1.If the load on the secondary side
unbalanced then
the shifting of neutral point is
possible
2.The third harmonic present in the
alternator
voltage may appear on the
secondary side. This
causes distortion in the secondary
phase voltages
3. Magnetizing current of

Delta - Delta connection

This connection is used for

moderate voltages

Delta - Delta connection

Advantages
1.System voltages are more stable in
relation to
unbalanced load
2. If one t/f is failed it may be used for
low power
level ie V-V connection
3. No distortion of flux ie 3rd harmonic
current not
flowing to the line wire

Delta - Delta connection

Disadvantages
1. Compare to Y-Y require more
insulation
2. Absence of star point ie fault may
severe

Star- Delta connection

Used to step down voltage ie end of

transmission line

Star- Delta connection

Advantages
1.The primary side is star connected.
Hence fewer number of turns are
required. This makes the connection
economical
2.The neutral available on the primary
can be earthed to avoid distortion.
3.Large unbalanced loads can be
handled satisfactory.

Star- Delta connection

Disadvantages
The secondary voltage is not in phase
with the primary. (30 phase
difference )
Hence it is not possible to operate this
connection in parallel with star-star or
delta-delta connected transformer.

Delta - Star connection

This connection is used to step up

voltage ie. Beginning of high tension
line

Delta - Star connection

Features

secondary Phase voltage is 1/3

times of line voltage

neutral in secondary can be

grounded for 3 phase 4 wire system
Neutral shifting and 3rd harmonics
are there
Phase shift of 30 between secondary
and primary currents and voltages

OPEN DELTA OR V-V CONNECTION

The load that can be

carried by V - V bank is only
57.7 % of it. It can be proved
as follows.

SCOTT CONNECTION OR T-T

CONNECTION