SAMPLE

AND
SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLING
METHODS

By: Lydia C. Cadacio

Presenter

SAMPLING
A sample is a smaller (but hopefully
representative) collection of units from a
population used to determine truths
about that population (Field, 2005)

 A sample is some part of a larger

body specially selected to represent
the whole.
Sampling is the process by which
this part is chosen. Sampling then is
taking any portion of a population or
universe as representative of that
population or universe.

 The sample method involves taking a representative

selection of the population and using the data collected as
research information.
A sample is a subgroup of a population (Frey et al. 125).

The sample should be representative in the sense that

each sampled unit will represent the characteristics of a
known number of units in the population (Lohr 3).

It has also been described as a representative taste of a

group (Berinstein 17).

Types of Samples
Probability (Random) Samples
Simple random sample
Systematic random sample
Stratified random sample
Cluster sample

Non-Probability Samples
Convenience sample
Purposive sample
Quota

Probability Random Sample

best sampling
it increases the likelihood of obtaining
samples that are representative of the
population.
They provide the most valid or credible results
because they reflect the characteristics of the
population from which they are selected (e.g.,
residents of a particular community, students
at an elementary school, etc.)

RANDOM SAMPLE
Random samplingoccurs when
each sampling unit in a clearly
defined population has an equal
chance of being included in the
sample.

Systematic Sample
With this method, items are chosen from the
population according to a fixed rule, e.g. every
10thhouse along a street.

This method should yield a more representative

sample than the random sample (especially if the
sample size is small)

It seeks to eliminate sources of bias, e.g. an

inspector checking sweets on a conveyor belt
might unconsciously favour red sweets.

Stratified Sampling
The population is broken down into categories,
and a random sample is taken of each category
A stratified sample is a mini-reproduction of
the
population.
Before
sampling,
the
population is divided into characteristics of
importance for the research.
ex. gender, social class, education level,
religion, etc. Population is randomly
sampledwithineach category or stratum.

Non-probability samples
are limited with regard to generalization.
they do not truly represent a population, we
cannot make valid inferences about the
larger group from which they are drawn.
Non-probability samples are limited with
regard to generalization. Because they do
not truly represent a population, we cannot
make valid inferences about the larger
group from which they are drawn.

Convenience sample
is a matter of taking what you can
get. It is anaccidentalsample.

Volunteers would constitute a

convenience sample.

Purposive sample
a non-representative subset of some
larger population, and is constructed to
serve a very specific need or purpose
A researcher may have a specific group
in mind, such as high level business
executives.
It may not be possible to specify the
population -- they would not all be
known, and access will be difficult.

Quota sample
the researcher deliberately sets the
proportions of levels or strata within the
sample.
A researcher is interested in the attitudes of
members of different religions towards the
death penalty. In Iowa a random sample might
miss Muslims (because there are not many in
that state)
Ex. Religion

Cluster Sampling
Used when populations can be broken
down into many different categories, or
clusters (e.g. church parishes).
Rather than taking a sample from each
cluster, a random selection of clusters is
chosen to represent the whole. Within
each cluster, a random sample is taken.

STEPS

Identify the population of interest.

Specify a sampling frame.
Specify a sampling method.
Determine the sample size
Implement the plan.
By Natalie Boyd

Advantages of Sampling Method

Reduce Cost - It is cheaper to collect data from a part of

whole population
advance

and is economically in

Greater Speed Gives more time to researcher for data

collection so it is
time for collection of information

quick and has lot of

Detailed Information - investigator during studying a

small universe
provides a detail and comprehensive
information's

Practical Method Sampling is the only practical method

when the

population is infinite

Much easier It is much easier to collect information

from many

Disadvantages
Careful sampling selection difficult
Expert are required for careful study of the
universe.
If the informations is required for each and
every unit in the study, then it is difficult to
interview each and every person in sampling
method
By: Study Lecture Notes http://www.studylecturenotes.com/socialresearch-methodology/advantages-disadvantages-of-samplingmethod-of-data-collection

SAMPLE RESEARCH

A Study on the Factors

Affecting the Infant Feeding Practices Of
Mothers in Las Pias City
By [Author], University of the Philippines
2009

To cite this article:

Explorable.com(Jun 26, 2009). Research
Paper Example. Retrieved Mar 03, 2016
from Explorable.com:
https://explorable.com/research-paper-ex
ample

SAMPLE
100 mother and infant pair

INSTRUMENTS
Interviews with the respondents
Observations in numerical
representations
Questionaire

RESULTS/FINDINGS
20 % of mothers in the study currently
exclusively breastfeed their babies
Socio-economic factors like mothers work
status, marital status and educational
attainment had direct bearing on these
practices
Employed mothers tend to cease from
breastfeeding their babies and eventually stop
and just resort to formula feeding as they go
back to work

 Married mothers and living with their

partners are more like to breastfeed
their infants than single mother
Those with higher educational
attainment resort more to formula
feeding and mixed feeding than those
with lower educational attainment.

CONCLUSION/RECOMM
ENDATION
World Health Organization (WHO)
and UNICEF along with other
breastfeeding advocates, for
mothers to breastfeed their
children at least until 6 months of
age.

THANK
YOU