ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Group Report By: Frances Jamie Chia Jonas Cahanding Nicole

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Electrical Energy
Simple Electric Circuit
Series and Parallel Circuits
How Electrical Energy is Produced
Electromagnet
Wise and Safe Use of Electricity

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Electrical Devices
Electrical Devices

Fus
e
Electri
c
Meter
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Function
It is a safety device that has a
metal strip inside with a low
melting point which when
heated melts easily thus,
opens the circuit and cuts off
to prevent
fire due to
overloading.
It is a device that measures
the amount of electric energy
consumed by a residence,
business,
or
electrically
powered device.
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Electrical Devices

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Watt is the unit of

electric power

1kW

1
kilowatt=1000watts

1kW
h

Kilowatt-hour is the
amount of electrical
energy consumed.
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Electrical Devices
Wires

These wires are metallic

materials
which
connect
electrical appliances to a
source of electricity.

Switches

It is a device used to open or

close an electrical circuit.
When the switch is on, current
flows, when it is off, no flow of
current.

Transformers

A transformer is used to
regulate the voltage of electric
current.

Rheostat

It is a device used to increase

or decrease the amount of
resistance
in
an
electric
circuit.

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Electrical Devices
Incandescent
Lamp

It is a lamp which has a

filament which produces the
light, a bulb, and a base.

Fluorescent
lamp

It is a glass tube that contains

mercury vapor under low
pressure.

Galvanometer

It is an instrument used to
detect
or
measure
small
amounts of electric current.

Rubber
Insulator

It is a material used as a shield

or a protection in order to
avoid electric shock.

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Simple Electric Circuit

Conductors material
through which electric
current flows easily.
Insulators materials
through which electric
current cannot move.
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Simple Electric Circuit

Conductors: Insulators:
Metal
Water

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Styrofoam
Rubber
Plastic
Paper

Simple Electric Circuit

Symbols Used for Common Electrical
Components

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Simple Electric Circuit

Electrical Circuitis a path which allows
the flow of electrons from a voltage or a
current source .

wire

source

switch
load

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Simple Electric Circuit

An Electrical Circuit can be:
A complete path for
electric current

An incomplete path
that will not permit an
electric current to flow

Open
circuit

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Closed
circuit

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Series and Parallel Circuit

Series Circuit
Two Types Electrical
Circuit:

One path

Series
Circuit

If one device
breaks, all devices
go out.

Current is the
same throughout
the circuit.

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Simple Electric Circuit

Parallel Circuit
Two Types Electrical Circuit:
Multiple paths
Parallel

Circuit

A break in one
branch & the other
branches stay on.

Voltage is the same in

each branch, but
current and resistance
may be different.
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Simple Electric Circuit

Comparison of series and parallel
circuits:
The same
voltage battery

Notice the
brightness
of the bulbs

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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law
Ohm's Lawdealswiththerelationshipbetweenvoltage
andcurrentinanidealconductor.Thisrelationshipstates
that:
The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal
conductor is proportional to the current through it.
Theconstantofproportionalityiscalledthe"resistance",R.
Ohm'sLawisgivenby:
V=IR

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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law
What is Resistance?
The opposition to the flow of an
electric current, producing heat.
The greater the resistance, the less
current gets through.
Good conductors have low resistance.
Measured in ohms.
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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law
What Influences Resistance (R)?
Material

of wire aluminum and copper

have low resistance
Thickness the thicker the wire the
lower the resistance
Length shorter wire has lower
resistance
Temperature lower temperature has
lower resistance
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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law
What is Voltage (V)?
The

measure of energy given to the

charge flowing in a circuit.
The greater the voltage, the greater the
force or pressure that drives the charge
through the circuit.
Measured in volts.
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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law
What is Current (I)?
It

is the flow of electric

charge through a conductive
medium.
Meaured in amperes.
Amps

measure how much

current flow in a circuit.

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Simple Electric Circuit

Ohms Law

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Simple Electric Circuit

Homework
1. When four lamps are connected in series and one of which goes
off what happens to the current in the other three?
2. Which will provide more overall brightness, connecting a
number of light bulbs to a battery in series or in parallel?
Explain your answer.
3. Draw a series circuit using 3 bulbs, 1 switch, and 5 wires.
4. Draw the schematic diagram of the above circuit.
5. Christmas is just around the corner and Christmas lights and
decors are everywhere, how do the lights in a common
Christmas light are being connected, in series or in parallel?

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Simple Electric Circuit

Self-check Questions
A. Write T if the statement is true and if the statement is false
change the underlined word(s) to make the sentence true.
_________________1. Water is good conductor of electricity.
_________________2. Electricity is turned on or off by a voltage
source.
_________________3. The insulator protects you from receiving an
electric
shock if you happen to touch a conductor.
_________________4. When appliances in an electric circuit are
connected in series, all the electric current flows
through each appliance, one after the other ,
when
the circuit is closed.
_________________5. House circuits are usually wired in series so
that the
lights and other appliances can be
turned on and
off separately, without breaking the circuit.

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Simple Electric Circuit

Self-check Questions
A. Write T if the statement is true and if the statement is false
change the underlined word(s) to make the sentence true.
_________________1. Water is good conductor of electricity.
_________________2. Electricity is turned on or off by a voltage
source.
_________________3. The insulator protects you from receiving an
electric
shock if you happen to touch a conductor.
_________________4. When appliances in an electric circuit are
connected in series, all the electric current flows
through each appliance, one after the other ,
when
the circuit is closed.
_________________5. House circuits are usually wired in series so
that the
lights and other appliances can be
turned on and
off separately, without breaking the circuit.
B. 1-2 (give examples of conductor)
3-4 (give examples of insulator)
5-6 two types of electrical circuit
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7-10 parts of a simple electric circuit

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Circuit
Self-check
Questions
Check the box which shows a working circuit.

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