ETYMOLOG
Y
Synthetic imitate a natural product
Polymer From the greek poly, meaning many, and meros,
meaning parts.
Synthetic polymer An imitation of natural polymer products.
Charles
Goodyear
Herman
Staudinger
Leo Hendrik
Baekeland
The father of
plastics industry
BAKELITE
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
STRUCTUR
E
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
Classification of Synthetic
Polymer
Polymerization Process : Occurs on Addition or Condensation
2 Basic Polymerization Reactions:
-Addition : Entire monomers are linked together to form long chains
-Chainwise Processes:
Initiation: Breaking the monomers double bond.
Propagation: Growth of chain by addition of monomer units.
Termination: The growth of the chain is terminated.
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
SYNTHETIC
ROUTES
Starting materials or feedstocks: Mostly are
monomers like polystyrene, polyethylene, and
nylons are derived indirectly from fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels are formed from the decomposition of
once-living matter.
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
Various Polymerization
Techniques based on mixture
types
MELT PROCESS(high melt, bulk melt, bulk, or neat) :
Equilibrium process
-Polymer is formed by driving the reaction towards
completion, by the removal of byproduct or condensate.
-Heat control is important because most of the reactions
are exothermic.
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
SOLUTION PROCESS:
-Polymer is formed by driving the reaction
towards completion, by the removal of
byproduct or condensate.
-Product is recovered by adding reaction liquid
to a non-solvent, removal of the solvent, or
direct precipitation of the polymer from the
reaction.
-Most reactive reactants are generally required
due to low temperature is needed for the
reaction.
Solution
Process
Plastic wrap
Plastic bag
PET bottle
process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v89ezOA0oNE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYfcRwMA_k8
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
SUSPENSION PROCESS: Suspension polymerization
-Water insoluble monomers can be polymerized as
suspending droplets
-Merging of the droplets is prevented by use of small
amounts of water-soluble polymers (such as vinyl
alcohol).
EMULSION PROCESS:
-Differs in the size of the suspended droplets and in
the mechanism.
ELASTOMERS
Polymers that possess chemical or
physical crosslinks. The crosslinks
allows the stretched and deformed
segments to return to their original
locations after the force is removed.
Elastomers are pliable plastic
material that are good at insulating,
withstanding deformation, and
molding into different shapes.
ELASTOMERS
Thermoplastics
- Thermoplastic (sometimes written as thermo plastic) is a type of
plastic made from polymer resins that becomes a homogenized liquid
when heated and hard when cooled.
- When frozen, however, a thermoplastic becomes glass-like and
subject to fracture.
- These characteristics, which lend the material its name, are
reversible.
- That is, it can be reheated, reshaped, and frozen repeatedly. This
quality also makes thermoplastics recyclable.
Thermoplastics
Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene, a type of
thermoplastic, is used to
make LEGO blocks.
Thermosets
- Thermosets also take a hardened form after they have been
be non-recyclables.
Thermosets
Polyurethanes in coatings
Epoxy resin in
Epoxy glue
ELASTOMERS
Rubbery
Elastic
Polyisopren
e,
Neoprene,
Spandex
Thermoplastics
Tough
Flexible
Softens
with heat
Polystyrene
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
Nylon
Polyester
Thermosets
Strong
Inflexible
Insoluble and
does not
soften
with heat
Epoxies
Some urethanes
Cured polyesters
Formaldehyde resins
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
INDUSTRIAL
ASPECT
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
INDUSTRIAL
ASPECT
Materials
Biopolymers
Carbon Nanotubes
Polymer fibers: stronger than steel!
Packaging
Lubricants
Elastomeric materials
Bearings
ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
Consist of thin rubber sheets bonded onto thin steel plates and
combined with an energy dissipation mechanism.
The rubber sheets are vulcanized and bonded to the thin steel plates
under pressure and heat.
it is designed in such a way that bearing is very stiff and strong in
vertical direction, but flexible in horizontal direction.
Thick mounting steel plates are bonded to the bottom and top surfaces
allowing the isolator to be firmly connected to the foundation below
and the superstructure above.
Chain
5,000
Length: 4,000
PVC (polyvinyl
chloride)
Cotton
Chain
8,000
Length: 4,000
Chain
2000
Length: 1000 -
High-Density Polyethylene
(HDPE)
Chain
Ultra-high-molecular-weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Joint
Replacement
Helmet
Gears
Kevlar
Codes
Descriptions
Recycled products
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) is clear, tough, and has good gas and
moisture barrier properties. Commonly used in soft drink bottles and many injection
molded. Other applications include strapping and both food and non-food
containers. Cleaned recycled PET flakes and pellets are in great demand for spinning
fiber for carpet yarns, producing fiberfill and geo-textiles.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is used to make bottles for milk, juice, water and
laundry products. Unpigmented bottles are translucent, have good barrier properties
and stiffness, and are well suited to packaging products with a short shelf life such as
milk. Because HDPE has good chemical resistance, it is used for packaging many
household and industrial chemicals.
Codes
Descriptions
Recycled products
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) used predominately in film applications due to its
toughness, flexibility and relative transparency, making it popular for use in applications
where heat sealing is necessary. LDPE is also used to manufacture some flexible lids
and bottles and it is used in wire and cable applications.
Polypropylene (PP) has good chemical resistance, is strong, and has a high melting
point making it good for hot-fill liquids. PP is found in flexible and rigid packaging to
fibers and large molded parts for automotive and consumer products.
Polystyrene (PS) is a versatile plastic that can be rigid or foamed. General purpose
polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It has a relatively low melting point. Typical
applications include protective packaging, containers, lids, cups, bottles and trays.
Other. Use of this code indicates that the package in question is made with a resin other
than the six listed above, or is made of more than one resin listed above, and used in a
multi-layer combination.