Introduction
ANSYS Mechanical
Dynamics
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Introduction
Welcome!
Training Manual
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Introduction
Course Objectives
Training Manual
This course is intended for users already familiar with the procedures
for performing a linear static analysis in Workbench Mechanical
environment.
Prerequisite is ANSYS Workbench Mechanical Introduction
Modal
Harmonic Response
Response Spectrum
Random Vibration
Transient
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Introduction
Course Material
Training Manual
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Introduction
Introduction to Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
forced vibrations
e.g. crank shafts, other rotating machinery
seismic/shock loads
e.g. earthquake, blast
random vibrations
e.g. rocket launch, road transport
time-varying loads
e.g. car crash, hammer blow
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
Courtesy: NASA
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
Training Manual
Input
Output
Modal
none
Harmonic
sinusoidally-varying excitations
across a range of frequencies
sinusoidally-varying response at
each frequency
min/max response over frequency
range
Spectrum
Random
Transient
time-varying loads
time-varying response
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Dynamics
Training Manual
Topics discussed:
General equation of motion
Modeling considerations
Damping
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Equation of Motion
Training Manual
M u C u K u F
u nodal acceleration vector
M structural mass matrix
C structural damping matrix u nodal velocity vector
K structural stiffness matrix u nodal displacement vector
F applied load vector
Note that this is simply a force balance:
Finertial
Fdamping
Fstiffness
Fapplied
M u C u K u F
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Equation of Motion
Training Manual
M u C u K u F
Different analysis types solve different forms of this equation.
Modal
F(t) set to zero; [C] usually ignored.
Harmonic Response
F(t) and u(t) assumed to be sinusoidal.
Response Spectrum
Input is a known spectrum of response magnitudes at varying frequencies in
known directions.
Random Vibration
Input is a probabilistic spectrum of input magnitudes at varying frequencies in
known directions.
Transient
The complete, general form of the equation is solved.
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Training Manual
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Training Manual
M u C u K u u F
nonlinear
Nonlinearities, such as large deflections, nonlinear contact, material
nonlinearities, etc, are allowed only in a full transient dynamic
analysis with large deflection turned ON.
All other Workbench dynamic analysis types are linear.
the initial state of nonlinearities will be maintained throughout the
solution; i.e., [K] = const.
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Training Manual
M u C u K u F
Mass properties [M]
Note that Mechanical has display (interactive) units and solution units.
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D. Damping
Training Manual
Damping is an energy-dissipation
mechanism that causes vibrations
to diminish over time and eventually
stop.
e.g. vibrational energy that is
converted to heat or sound
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Damping
Training Manual
c
cc
cc 2m
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k
2 km 2mn
m
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Damping
Training Manual
k
n
m
d
1 2
n
d 1 2 n
Coulomb damping has no effect on
frequency.
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Viscous damping
Training Manual
Fd cu
Assuming the motion is harmonic,
Fd cu icnu
This type of damping occurs, for
example, when a body moves
through a fluid.
c k
Fd ku iknu
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Viscous damping
Training Manual
The value of c in
Fd cu icnu
can be input directly as element damping
(Details section of Spring connection).
The value of in
Fd ku i knu
can be input directly as global
damping value (Details section of
Analysis Settings) or as materialdependent damping value
(Material Damping Factor material
property).
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Training Manual
Fd 2iku
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Training Manual
The value of in
Fd 2iku
can be input directly as global
damping value (Details section
of Analysis Settings) or as
material-dependent damping
value (Constant Damping
Coefficient material property).
Damping ratio isnt available in a transient analysis since
the response frequency is not known in advance.
The value of can be calculated from a known value of
(damping ratio) and a known frequency :
2 / n
Pick the most dominant response frequency to calculate .
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Training Manual
Fd mg sgn(x )
1 for y 0
sgn( y ) 1 for y 0
0 for y 0
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Numerical Damping
Training Manual
Primary
Frequency
undamped
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Damping Summary
Training Manual
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Damping
Training Manual
D
A
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Dynamics
Training Manual
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Dynamics
E. Introductory Workshop
Training Manual
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