AWB120 Dynamics 05 Random

Chapter 5:
Random Vibration
ANSYS Mechanical
Dynamics
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Random Vibration Analysis
Training Manual
Topics covered:
Definition and purpose
Overview of Workbench capabilities
Procedure

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A. Definition and Purpose
Training Manual
What is random vibration analysis?

A spectrum analysis technique based on probability and statistics.
Meant for loads such as acceleration loads in a rocket launch that
produce different time histories during every launch .
Reference: Random vibrations in mechanical systems by Crandall & Mark

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Definition
and Purpose
Training Manual
Transient analysis is not an option since the time history is not

deterministic (sample is not repeatable).
Instead, using statistics the sample time histories are converted to
Power Spectral Density function (PSD), a statistical representation of
the load time history.
Image from Random Vibrations Theory and Practice by Wirsching, Paez and Ortiz.

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Power Spectral Density
Training Manual
Sample time histories are converted to Power Spectral Density

function (PSD), a statistical representation of the load time history.
Reference: Random vibrations in

mechanical systems by Crandall
& Mark

Image from Random Vibrations Theory and

Practice by Wirsching, Paez and Ortiz.
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Statistical Representation
Training Manual
A Random Vibration analysis computes the probability distribution of

different results, such as displacement or stress, due to some
random excitation
The analysis follows a modal analysis
An internal combination is done to compute the combined effect from
each mode and their interactions.
Gaussian
(normal)
Distribution
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Power Spectral Density
Training Manual
The Power Spectral Density is the

mean square value of the excitation
for a unit frequency band.
The area under a PSD curve is
the variance of the response
(square of the standard
deviation).
The units used in PSD are mean
square/Hz (e.g. an acceleration
PSD will have units of G2/Hz).
The quantity represented by
PSD may be displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, or
pressure.
Random Vibration curve by MIL-STD-202

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Common Uses
Training Manual
Commonly used for

Airborne electronics
Acoustic loading of Airframe parts
Jitter in alignment of optical
equipment
Relative deformation in large
mirrors

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Random Vibration
Workbench Capabilities
Training Manual
Input:
Natural frequencies and mode shapes from a modal analysis
Single or multiple PSD excitations applied to ground nodes
Output:
1 results can be contoured like any other analysis.
Response PSD at one DOF (one point in one direction)

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Procedure:
Random Vibration

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Random Vibration
Procedure
Training Manual
Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

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Random Vibration
Procedure
Training Manual
Drop a Random Vibration system onto the Solution cell of the Modal
system.

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Random Vibration
Procedure
Training Manual
Create new geometry, or link to

existing geometry.

Edit the Model cell to bring up the

Mechanical application.
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Random Vibration
Preprocessing
Training Manual
Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

This was covered in Workbench Mechanical Intro.

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Random Vibration
Preprocessing
Training Manual
Add supports to the model.

Displacement constrains must have a magnitude of zero.

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Random Vibration
Solution Settings
Training Manual
Choose the number of modes to

extract.
If needed, upper and lower bounds
on frequency may be specified to
extract the modes within a specified
range.

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Random Vibration
Postprocessing
Training Manual
Review the modal results before

proceeding.

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Random Vibration
Preprocessing
Training Manual
Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction PSD base excitation.

Set the Boundary Condition, Load (Tabular) Data, and Direction.

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Random Vibration
Postprocessing
Training Manual
Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

the direction and sigma value may be chosen here
note that results are always reviewed with scaling set to 0.0

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Random Vibration
Postprocessing
Training Manual
Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

can also be reviewed.

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Random Vibration
Postprocessing
Training Manual
Response PSD can be plotted at one DOF (one point in one direction,
either absolute or relative to base excitation).

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Workshop Random Vibration
Training Manual
In workshop 5A, you will determine the displacements and stresses

in a girder assembly due to an acceleration PSD.
WS5A: Random Vibration (PSD) Analysis of a Girder Assembly

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Chapter 5:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Random Vibration Analysis

Random Vibration Analysis

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Random Vibration Analysis

A. Definition and Purpose

What is random vibration analysis?

Reference: Random vibrations in mechanical systems by Crandall & Mark

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Random Vibration Analysis

Transient analysis is not an option since the time history is not

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Random Vibration Analysis

Power Spectral Density

Sample time histories are converted to Power Spectral Density

Reference: Random vibrations in

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Image from Random Vibrations Theory and

Random Vibration Analysis

A Random Vibration analysis computes the probability distribution of

Random Vibration Analysis

Power Spectral Density

The Power Spectral Density is the

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Random Vibration Analysis

Commonly used for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Create new geometry, or link to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Edit the Model cell to bring up the

Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Add supports to the model.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Choose the number of modes to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Review the modal results before

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction PSD base excitation.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Workshop Random Vibration

In workshop 5A, you will determine the displacements and stresses

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

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