CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical Properties
Are a measure of how a material interacts with

gaseous, liquid, or solid environments

Example : ability of iron to resist the air and
moisture, resistance of wood to rooting
Consist of :

Oxidation and corrosion

Outdoor weatherability
Electrochemical Corrosion
Electromotive force Series
Chemicall Attack

Corrosion resistance is the ability to

resisit oxidation.
Oxidation interaction of oxygen
with elements in a material to cause
structural changes due to the
movements of valence electrons in
the atom of the materials.
Oxidazed materials looses electron
from atoms or ions
Reduction gain of electrons.

Example :
Oxidation : Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Reduction : Fe2+ + 2e Fe
The reduction process is used to
convert iron ore (iron oxide) into iron.
The rusting of iron and steel results
from irons tendency to revert to the
natural state so as to seek equilibrium.
Other example due to oxidation old
pencil erasers become hard and
rubber bands become stiff and crack

Is a chemical property involving

ability of a material to withstand heat
and ultraviolet rays from the sun,
moisture, and pollutants in the air.
This factor affect oxidation.
Oxidation is normally enhanced by
heat, and heat increase with oxygen.
A less than 1 % increase in oxygen
can cause severe damage to rubber.

In electrochemical corrosion, electrons flow

through an electrolityc solution from one piece of
the metal to another.
Electrolytic sollution is a liquid such as water
(H2O) that contains ions.
Ions are charge atoms, Cations are positively
charged ions, and anions are negatively charged
ions.
When metals are placed in the solutions, one
metal becomes anode and the other the cathode.
Bosich lists eight types of corrosion : uniform
attack, galvanic, concentration cell, pitting,
dezincification, intergranular, stress, and erosion.

It is possible to determine how active

a metal by referring to electromotive
series.

The metals on the top are stronger

oksidizers and thus are active anode.
The bottom metals are less active and
become reducing agent ( Chatodes).
Oxidation can occur on a single piece of
metal due to the varied energy states of
the atoms of the metal.
These states result from stresses due to
machining, forming, and welding, from
grain boundaries, from lack of homogenity
due to alloying and casting, and from
cracks and other surface irregularities.

Involves the dissolving of material

(solute) by a chemical (solvent).
Eksample : salt ( solute) dissolving in
water (solvent).
Important to follow manufactrures
recommendations when making
material selections.
Changes in temperatur and chemical
concentrations affect the reaction of
chemical to a material.