Metode Penelitian

Yuniarto Hadiwibowo

Research Onion

Philosophies
Positivism relates to the philosophical stance of the

natural scientist and entails working with an observable

social reality to produce law-like generalisations
Critical realism focuses on explaining what we see and
experience, in terms of the underlying structures of reality
that shape the observable events
Interpretivism emphasises that humans are different
from physical phenomena because they create meanings
Postmodernism emphasises the role of language and of
power relations, seeking to question accepted ways of
thinking and give voice to alternative marginalised views
Pragmatism asserts that concepts are only relevant
where they support action
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Mixed Methods

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Purpose of Research Design

exploratory study is a valuable means to ask open

questions to discover what is happening and gain

insights about a topic of interest
descriptive research is to gain an accurate profile
of events, persons or situations
explanatory research is to establish causal
relationships between variables
evaluative research is to find out how well
something works
or combined strategies

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Research strategies
Experiment;
Survey;
Archival and Documentary Research;
Case Study;
Ethnography;
Action Research;
Grounded Theory;
Narrative Inquiry.

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Time horizon
cross-sectional (the snapshot time horizon)
longitudinal (the diary perspective)

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Quality of research
Reliability
replication and consistency
Validity
the appropriateness of the measures used
accuracy of the analysis of the results
generalisability of the findings

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Threat to reliability

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Threat to internal validity

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