DISORDERS
Tonsillitis
Laryngitis
Common cold
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
Emphysema
Cystic fibrosis
Asthma
Lung cancer
TONSILLITIS
Tonsillitis is an
infection (usually
viral) of the tonsils
If a child has many
infections, the
tonsils are
surgically removed
TONSILLITIS
It is believed the
tonsils help prevent
bacteria and other
pathogens from
entering the body
therefore a removal
may increase the
number of illnesses
later in life
LARYNGITIS
Laryngitis is an
inflammation of the
larynx (vocal cords)
CAUSES: virus
allergies
straining
of voice
LARYNGITIS
Viral (rhinovirus)
Spread through respiratory droplets
Highly contagious
Initially mucous membranes of nose,
pharynx swollen, increased secretions
Signs
COMMON COLD
Treatment rest,
fluids NOT
antibiotics it is
a virus
Presently, there
is no cure or
vaccine
COMMON COLD
WASH HANDS!
BRONCHITIS
An infection of
the bronchi
2 types:
1. Acute caused
by a bacteria
- treated with
antibiotics
BRONCHITIS
2. Chronic long
term
- usually caused
by an irritant ie
smoking
- cilia become
damaged and
cant clear debris
- treatment quit
smoking
PNEUMONIA
The alveoli
become inflamed
and fill with
liquid
Gas exchange is
impaired and the
body becomes
starved for
oxygen
X-RAY OF PNEUMONIA
Patient has
pneumonia in the
right lung (note
white mass = fluid)
Lungs should
appear black on an
x-ray
Lobar
pneumonia
affects a lobe
of the lungs
(see x-ray),
and bronchial
pneumonia can
affect patches
throughout
both lungs.
Lobular pneumonia
TYPES OF PNEUMONIA
LOBULAR
BRONCHIAL
TREATMENT
BACTERIAL
VIRAL
Caused by the
bacterium
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Treated with
antibiotics
Can be somewhat
prevented with the
pneumococcal
vaccine
Caused by a virus
Can be treated with
anti-viral medication
They are usually less
severe however a
secondary bacterial
infection can follow
which is then treated
with antibiotics
PLEURISY
PLEURISY
SYMPTOMS &
TREATMENT
SYMPTOMS
Sharp, stabbing
pain in chest
usually localized
in one area
TREATMENT
Treat the cause
ie virus or
bacteria causing
the pleurisy
EMPHYSEMA
A chronic
respiratory
disorder
The alveolar walls
break down & lose
their elasticity
Surface area is
greatly reduced
breathing is
difficult
EMPHYSEMA
CAUSE: usually
from many years
of smoking
Effects are
permanent and
incurable
EMPHYSEMA treatments
Low-flow oxygen
tank delivers a
higher oxygen
concentration
Lung volume
reduction surgery
(LVR) removal of
damaged tissue to
let healthy tissue
work more
efficiently
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Genetic condition
An abnormal gene
causes the cells
lining the alveoli
to secrete a thick,
sticky mucus
Mucus attracts
bacteria and
numerous
infections result
There is no cure
life expectancy is
usually low early
30s
Medicines are used
to thin the mucus
Antibiotics are
given for
infections
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
New treatments
include gene
therapy
An inhaler is used
to spray healthy
versions of the
abnormal gene
the healthy genes
can then make
proper mucus
ASTHMA
Asthma is a
chronic respiratory
disorder
Bronchi and
bronchioles are
affected
bronchiole
muscles tighten,
mucus is produced
breathing is
difficult
ASTHMA - causes
Generally it is
thought that
asthma is
somewhat
inherited
TRIGGERS
include pollen,
dust, smoke,
pets, exercise
ASTHMA - symptoms
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Night-time cough
Restricted
breathing
ASTHMA - treatments
IMMEDIATE
bronchodilators
give immediate
relief to tightened
bronchioles
Inhalers can be
metered - ie
medicine is forced
out by a chemical
propellant
powdered - no
propellant
ASTHMA - treatments
LONG-TERM some
patients use a
corticosteroid
treatment to control
spasms in the
bronchioles (eg
QVAR inhaler)
Patients with severe
asthma may even
take stronger
medications such as
Prednisone
Poor prognosis
LUNG CANCER
Abnormal cells
multiply and form
malignant
tumours called
carcinomas
Carcinomas
impede healthy
lung tissue
making breathing
difficult
X-ray
CT scan (computed
tomography a
cross-section of the
lungs is taken)
Helical low-dose CT
scan can detect
very small tumours
(see right)
Lung Cancertreatment
Surgery on
localized lesions
Chemotherapy
and radiation
Poor prognosis
unless tumor in
early stages of
development
TRADITIONAL HEALING
Many cultures,
including native
Canadians have
used natural
treatments for a
wide variety of
illnesses for
many years
TRADITIONAL HEALING
White willow
tea made from
the bark
contains salicin
reduces fever
(acetyl salicylic
acid ASA =
Aspirin )
TRADITIONAL HEALING
Boswellia sap
from this tree is
used as an antiinflammatory
Used in the
manufacturing of
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs for arthritis
TRADITIONAL HEALING
Seneca snakeroot
contains a milky
liquid used for
treating
snakebites
Also used as a
decongestant to
loosen mucus in
the lungs
TRADITIONAL HEALING
Pleurisy root
treats colds,
coughs,
bronchitis,
pneumonia, and
pleurisy
TRADITIONAL HEALING