BANDAGING

DEFINITION:
Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or
an injured part.

USES:
Bandages are used for following purposes:
To prevent contamination of wound by holding
dressings in position.
To provide support to the part that is injured,
sprained or dislocated joint.
To provide rest to the part that is injured.
To prevent & control hemorrhage.

 To restrict movement / immobilize a

fracture or a dislocation.
To correct deformity.
To maintain pressure e.g. elastic bandages
applied to the improve venous return.

TYPES OF BANDAGES:
Triangular Bandage.
Roller Bandage.
Special Bandage. E.g. T- bandage.

MATERIALS COMMONLY USED FOR

BANDAGES:

Cotton
Cotton gauze
Jute
Wool
Special materials like crape bandage,
elastic bandage.

PARTS ROLLAR OF BANDAGE:

Head
Free End or tail.

 PARTS TRIANGULARLAR OF
BANDAGE
POINT

END

(BASE)

END

SIZES OF BANDAGE:
The size of the bandage varies according to
the part it is supposed to bandage
Part To be Bandaged

Width(Cm)

Length (Mts)

Head
Trunk
Leg
Arm
Fingers
Hand
Wrist

5
10 to 15
6 to 8
5 to 6
2.5
5
5

4 to 6
6 to 8
4
3 to 4
2
3
3

GENERAL PRINCIPLES: Select a bandage of proper size & suitable

material.
Put the patient in a comfortable position.
Support the injured area while bandaging.
If a joint is involved, flex it slightly.
Face the patient while applying the
bandage, except when applying it to the
head.

 Hold the roll of the bandage in the right

hand when applying bandage on the left
side, Hold the bandage with the roll
uppermost & apply the outer surface to the
skin, unrolling a few centimeters of the
bandage at a time.
Put some cotton wool on the part to be
bandaged so that the bandage does not
slip or cause cutting into the skin
underneath.
Bandage from below upward, & from
within outward.

 Hold the end of the of the bandage over the

outer aspect of the injured area & wind the
bandage around the part twice to fix it.

When bandaging a limb start with an

oblique turn to keep the bandage in
position, as an alternative method.
Cover two thirds of the bandage by the
next one, while covering a large area by
winding the roller bandage around the part.
Keep the edges parallel.
Keep even & not too tight pressure while
applying bandage, too tight bandage
interferes with circulation.

 Finish with a straight turn & fix the end with a

safety pin, sticking plaster or by dividing the
terminal portion of the bandage longitudinally &
tying the two ends around the bandaged part.
If possible, leave fingers & toes exposed to check
circulation.
Do not bandage the part too tightly or too
loosely.
Observe the extremities carefully for any signs of
swelling or blueness due to interference with
circulation by a bandage that is too tight.
When removing a bandage, pass it from one hand
to the other, so that it is collected in a concertina
fashion.

FOLLOWING TERMS ARE USED IN

ROLLER BANDAGING.

Simple spiral
Reverse spiral
Figure of eight.
Spica

1. Simple Spiral :
This type of bandage is used for uniform
thickness part i.e. wrist or finger. Each turn
of the bandage overlaps the previous turn.

2.Reverse Spiral:
This bandage is used for the parts where
the thickness varies e.g. legs & forearms.
It is applied in the same way as the
general spiral bandage, but each turn is
reversed as necessary to prevent gaping &
to make the bandage smooth.

3.Figure of Eight:
This bandage is used for elbow & knee
joints. This bandage is made by forming
two loops or oblique turns over a joint.
The turns alternately ascend & descend
to cover the part.

4.Spica:
It is a form of the figure of eight
bandage. The turn is larger than the
other. It is used for joints at right angles
to the body, e.g. the shoulder, groin,
thumb.

5.Special Bandages:
A). Many Tail Bandage:
This bandage is usually used for abdominal wounds & chest injuries. It
is prepared from a number of strips or tails of flannel or cotton
material. It is 4 to 6 inches wide & has sufficient length to cover the
affected part.

STEPS OF APPLYING ROLLAR BANDAGE:

FIXING
ROLLING
SECURING
CHECKING CIRCULATION AFTER
BANDAGING
PRESSING NAIL
CHECKING PULSE
TINGLING,COLDNESS,INABILITY TO MOVE
FINGERS

Triangular
bandages

TYING THE BANDAGE;

FOR TYING THE BANDAGE A REEF
KNOT MUST BE ALWAYS USED.
KNOT SHOULD NOT CAUSE
DISCOMFORT.
TUCK THE LOOSE ENDS OF BANDAGE
OUT OF SIGHT

REEF KNOT

Head Top
Fold the base at least 2-3
Place folded base aligned with eyebrows
Pull back and cross-over at the back, tucking apex
beneath
Pull both ends in front/secure with a square knot at the
center of the folded base/tuck ends
Pull down apex (tuck sides neatly)
Tuck apex neatly at cross-over area

Chest Bandage
Apex at the shoulder of injured part
Pull back folded base and secure with square
knot at the center indention of the back.
Knot/tie longer end with apex

cravat bandage
A bandage made by bringing the
point of a triangular bandage to the
middle of the base and then folding
lengthwise to the desired width.

SLINGS
Definition:Slings are used to provide support and
protection for injured arms, wrists and
hands or for immobilising an upperlimb
when there are arm or chest injuries.

Types of Slings:1 . Arm sling

2. Elevation sling
3. Improvised sling

 1.Arm Sling :This is used when there are injuries to the

upperlimb and for some chest injuries.
It holds the forearm across the chest but it
is only effective if the casualty sits or
stands.
When an arm sling is in the correct
position ,the casualty's hand will be slightly
higher than the elbow.. The base of the
triangular bandage should lie at the root of
the little finger leaving the finger nails
exposed.

 Method of Application:1. Ask the casualty to sit down and support

the forearm on the injured side with the
wrist and hand slightly higher than the
elbow.
2. Using the hollow between the elbow and
the chest slide one end of the triangular
bandage between the chest and forearm so
that its point reaches well beyond the
elbow.
3. Place the upper end over the shoulder on
the sound side and around the back of the
neck to the front of the injured side.

4. Still supporting the forearm, carry the

lower end of the bandage up over the hand
and forearm and using a reef knot, tie off
on the injured side in the hollow above the
collar bone .
5. Bring the point forward and secure it to the
front of the bandage with a safety pin.
6. Check the circulation. If it is affected adjust
the bandage or the position of the sling.

1: Arm sling

Support of forearm

Forming sling

 2. Elevation Sling:This sling is used to support the hand and

forearm in a well raised position.
-If the hand is bleeding.
-There are complicated chest injuries.
-There are shoulder injuries.
A). Collar and Cuff Sling:This is used to support the wrist only.

Method of Application: 1 . The elbow is bent, the forearm is placed

across the chest in such a way that the
fingers touch the opposite shoulder. Now
the sling is applied
2. A clove-hitch is passed round the wrist
and the ends tied in the hollow above the
collar bone on the injured side.
Clove-hitch is made with a narrow bandage.
Two loops are made and laid one on top of
the other.

A). Collar and Cuff Sling:-

 B. Triangular Sling:-This is used in treating a fracture of the

collarbone. It helps to keep the hand raised
high up giving relief from pain due to the
fracture.

Method of Application:1.Place the forearm across the chest with the

fingers pointing towards the opposite

shoulder and the palm over the breastbone.
2. Place an open bandage over the chest with
one end over the hand and the point
beyond the elbow.

 3.Improvised Sling:If no triangular bandages are available

slings may be improvised in several ways
to provide support(a) Turn the free end of a coat and pin it to
the clothing.
(b) Pass the hand inside the buttoned coat
or shirt.
(c) Pin the sleeve of the injured limb. to
clothing.
(d) Use mufflers, scarf, belt, tie or soft
cloth.

Improvised sling

Improvised sling

SPLINTS
A splint is a rigid appliance, usually made of wood or
metal, which is tied to a fractured limb to support it
and prevent movement from taking place at the site
of fracture.

Using a Splint:-

If a splint is not used properly, it may cause damage.

Therefore, remember the following points when
using a splint:1.Make sure that the splint is well padded. This is
particularly important when splints are improvised
from pieces of wood which are uneven.
2. Make sure that the splint is sufficiently long to
immobilize the joint above and the joint below the
fracture.
3. Make sure that the bandage used to secure. The
splint have
the knot tied on the splint and not on
the fleas.

Metal oval ring

2 inch angulation at outer bar

Side bars

Distal -W

 Care of the Splints by the Nurse1. Padding- The splint should ,be well padded
at the bony prominences and at the injury
sites.
2. Bandage- This should be tied with optimum
pressure.
3. Exercises -Active exercises of the joints
and muscles should be permitted within
the splints.
4. Checking -Daily checking and adjustments
of the splints are recommended.
5. Neurovascular status- Distal neurovascular
status should be assessed daily.