Rise and Fall of of Muslim rule

in India

Ghaznavid Dynasty (9771186)

Sultan Mehmood became king of Ghazani in 997.

He conducted 17 raids in India
The most famous was raid of Somnath in 1025
Death of Mehmood in 1030 ,decline of dynasty
started but dynasty ruled for another 150 years
Earned criticism of Hindu writers ,they termed him
barbarian
Muslim writers termed him champion of Islam

Ghaurid Dynasty(8791215)
The Ghaznavid dynasty in sub-continent
did not endure
By 1040 their rule primarily remained
confined to Ghazni
Shahab ud din Ghauri captured throne of
Ghazni in 1174
In 1186 ,by defeating last Ghaznavid king
Khusru Malik brought an end to
Ghaznavid dynasty

Expansion of Muslim power

Muhammad Ghauri was first Muslim ruler who
moved across the rivers of the Punjab
The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles
of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the
town of Tarain
In between Ghauris & army of Rajputs led by
Prithvi Raj Chauhan
In 1st battle Ghauri was defeated but won the 2nd
Expanded his rule ,appointed Qutub din Aibak as
Governor
With the advent of Ghauri until 1857 ,there was
always a Muslim on the throne of Delhi

DELHI SULTANATE 1206-1526

Slave or Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290)

Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)
Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412)
Sayyed Dynasty(1414-1451)
Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)

Slave Dynasty (1206-1290)

Qutb ud din Aibak was the founder, by
origin TURKS
Established first Muslim rule in Delhi
Aibak was succeeded by son in law
Shams ud din iltutmish & he was
succeeded by his daughter Razia
Sultana(1236)- 1st Muslim female ruler
(sub-continent)-murdered in 1240
Threats from Khiljis & Qabacha of Multan

Slave Dynasty (1206-1290)

Ghias ud Din Balban ,a Turkish slave
He effectively restored law & order,
collapsed during his predecessor
Faced threat from rising power of Mongols
Death of Balban was decline of slave
dynasty

Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)

Founded by Jalal ud Din Khilji, ascended to
power at the age of 70
Succeeded by nephew Alaudin Khilji
First Muslim ruler who conquered central &
southern India
Mongols posed serious threat ,fought
number of battles against Mongols
Alaudin died in 1316
Mubark Shah last ruler

Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412)

Ghias ud Din Tughlaq was founder
Ruled for 5 years, killed by his own son
Taimurs invasion jolted Tughlaq dynasty

Sayyed Dynasty(1414-1451)
Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)
Founded by Khizar khan who was
nominee of Timor to rule Delhi
Shah Alam was the last ruler of Sayyed
dynasty
Bahlol Lodhi founded Lodhi dynasty,
succeeded by Sikandar Lodhi
Ibrahim Lodhi was last ruler defeated by
Babur in 1526
It proved end of Delhi Sultanate

Mughal Dynasty(1526-1857)

Founded by Chugtai Turk Prince Babur

Secured control of Punjab
Defeated Lodhi at Panipat -1526
At his death (1530) he controlled all of
northern India
Humayun lost control of the empire to
Afghan armies led by Suri in 1540 but
recaptured in 1555.

Mughal Dynasty(1526-1857)
Akbar defeated Hindu usurper Hemu in 1556
& reestablished dynasty in India
Akbar reestablished & reconsolidated the
Mughal empire
At Akbars death in 1605 ,the empire
extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of
Bengal & southward to Gujarat & the
Northern Deccan
Jahangir was another successful ruler

Mughal Dynasty(1526-1857)
Shah Jahan had passion for construction
of buildings, his era touched cultural
excellence
Death of Aurangzeb 1707
Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to
Rangoon ,died in 1862

Internal Factors

Wars of successions
Internal intrigues
Moral decadence
Demoralized & insufficient army
Absence of naval power
Rise of independent dynasties
Rise of Marhatas & Sikhs

Internal Factors
Wars of Succession
I. Led to the decline of Mughal Empire
II.Mughals failed to develop law of succession,
hence paved way for wars of succession
III.Resulted into bitterness, loss of money &
prestige of empire
Incompetent successors of Aurangzeb
I. Death of Aurangzeb in 1703
II.Successors were not competent to administer
the vast empire

Internal Factors
Internal intrigues
i. Internal intrigues eroded the administrative
fabric
ii. Mughal court divided on sectarian ,ethnic &
religious considerations( Shia vs. Sunni,
Persians vs. Afghans & Muslims vs. Hindus)
iii.Instead of paying attention to external
threats time & energy primarily consumed
on countering intrigues

Internal Factors
Moral decadence
i. Mughal nobility fond of pleasure seeking,
lacked strength of character
ii. Emerged as ease loving & cowardly
Financial constraints
i. Wars of succession, rebellions & luxurious
living style pushed the empire to financial
bankruptcy

Internal Factors
Demoralized Army
i. One of the prime reason of decline was
demoralized army
ii. Low morale, weak command structure,
training & discipline
iii.Outdated equipments
iv.Contingents maintained by different nobles
v. Military weakness provided opportunity to
British imperialist to exploit

Internal Factors
Absence of Naval power
i. Mughals had no Navy, had small ships
,no match for well equipped ships of
foreign traders
ii. French & British both exploited
Rise of Marhathas & Sikhs
i. Marhathas & Sikhs staged rebellion &
challenged the Mughals

Internal Factors
Rise of Independent Dynasties
i. Aurangzeb extended empire from
Afghanistan to Assam, from Kashmir to
Mysore
ii. Difficult for one ruler to administer
iii. Later Deccan ,Bengal ,Bihar & Orissa
declared independence
iv. It proved loss of revenue & exposed the
weakness of empire

External Factors
Rise of British
i. British landed as traders
ii. Trade activities converted into political
activities
iii.War of Plassey 1757 & defeat of Nawab
Siraj ud Daula laid foundation of British
rule in India
iv.After failed war of independence ,the
British formally became rulers of India

External Factors
Incursion of Nadir Shah
i. In 1738 Persian King Nadir shah invaded
Delhi, defeated Muhammad Shah
ii. Slaughtered local people & looted wealth
Attack by Ahmad Shah Abdali
i. 1748-61 five attacks staged by Ahmad
Shah Abdali

Factors contributing towards

spread of Islam

Arrival of missionaries & mystics

Inter marriages
Equality
Justice
Liberation from caste system

Muslim Reformist Movements

Mujadad Alf Sani

Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi

Brief Life History

Birth 26th June 1564, Sirhind in East Punajb.
Named Ahmed and title was Badr-ul-Dir
S/o Sheikh Abdul Ahad uptio Hazrat Umer
Farooq
Read Quran, Hadith and Fiqh from father and
Maulana Kamal and Maulana Yaqub Kashmiri
Journey to Agra and met with Fazl and Faizi
Journey to Delhi and met with Hazrat Khawaja
Baqi Billah Bairang
Died in 10th December 1624 in Sirhin

WORKS OF MUJADAD
Maktoobat (3 Volumes, Research and Ijtehad, His
complete work and philosophy of life, faith and
religion)
Asbat un Nabooh (Is logic and reason enough, need of
prophet and diving knowledge, at the age of 18)
Risala e Tahleelia (Israr e Tauheed and La ilaha,
against Akbars Bidaat
Sharah Rubaiat (Tafseer of Rubaiat of Baqi Billah)
Mabd au Muaad (Khawaja Baqi Billah and about
Naqshbandi Silsala
Maaraf ud Dunya (Maarafat e Ilahi, Slook o Tareeqat,
Shariah and Tassawuf)

Quotation
Hazrat Khwaja Baqi Billah predicted
Sheikh Ahmad is such a light which will
illuminate the whole world
Hamid Algar (Malaysia)
The Maktubat of Sirhindi came to replace
the focus of Ibn e Arabi as a text for study
and meditation

Service to Islam
Origin of Concept of Wahdatul Shahood
against Mohayyudin Ibn-e-Arabis concept
Efforts against Bhakti Movement and
Deen-e-Ilahi
The Bhakti movement is a Hindu religious
movement in which the main spiritual
practice is loving devotion among the
Vaishnava saints.

Situation at the time of Mujadid

Sulah e Kul and Univeralism (Nehru The Discovery of India)

Shaitan Purah
Riba, Gambling, Bribery, and Sharab as Halal
Ban on Salat and Hajj
Eating allowed in Ramzan,
Various Mosques were demolished
Sources of law were changed from Quran, Hadith and Sunnah
Jinn o Malaik, Karamaat were declared flase
Azaab e Qabar declared as false
Hindu festivals and cluture adopted by the king
No repsect given to Sahaba , Tabiin and Saleheen

Bhakti Movement
The history of the movement goes back to the time of
great reformer Shankracharya who gave Hinduism a solid
philosophical background. But the movement became
popular in the middle ages. Chaitanya led the movement
in the east( modern Uttar Pradesh), Tuka Ram, Nam Dev
and Tirlochan in the Central India, Sadna, Pipa, Mirabai,
Tulsi Das and above all Kabir were its leaders in the
north. Kabirs teachings had great influence in the
Punjab, but actually the movement in the Punjab was led
by Guru Nanak and his nine successors. The message of
love and devotion to god was spread among the people
of the Punjab for ten generations. This intense and
organized propaganda of the Bhakti cult by the Sikh
Gurus led to the foundation of a community of Bhaktas
known as the Sikhs.

From the One Light, the entire universe welled up. So who is good,
and who is bad?"

Quotation
To consider Ram and Rehman as one is
stupidity because creator cannot be one
with its creation

Reformation Efforts
Transfer of Kingdom to Prince Saleem
(Jehangir)
Connection with Dignitaries specially with
Ameer Nawab Jahan Khan
You can add the abiding by of Shariat in your
services and do the work of prophets which
will exalt the religion. Begars like us cannot
reach anywhere near you even if we try for
yers with our lives

 Imprisonment by Jehangir in Gwaliar for

one year but later received Khilat-eFakhira and 1000 rupess
Promotion of Naqshbandia Chain
Reformin Scholars and Mystics
Oppsition of Bidaat
Reformation through Documents
Starting of two-nation theory

 Concept of Government (Amir Sheikh

Farid Bukhari
The position of a king is the same as that of
the heart in the body, if the heart is pure the
body will be pure and if the heart is not pure
how can the body be pure.

Effect of Teachings
Jehangir instead of Khusro
Differentiation of Kurf and Islam (Ram and
Rahman, Kaaba and Kaashi, Quran and
Paran)
Dominance of Islam
Opposing United Nationnhood
Advise on Shariat
Shariats superirority to Myticism

Quotations
Kashf and revelation get value through the book
of Allah and Sunnah and not through wajd
If Muslims want to live as a nation than they
have to quit the talk of shirk and Bidat and stay
separate from Hindus. If the awareness of
separate national identity is not awakened in
Muslims than it is feared that they would be
swept away with the flood of combined
nationhood. Islam would become observed in
the soil of and would be destroyed like
Buddhism and other religion which have been
absorbed in Hinduism

Shah Wali Ullah

Qutbuddin

Early Life
21st February 1703 in Moza Phalat near
Delhi
S/o Abdul Rahim founder of Madrassa
Rahimia
Pedigree leads up to Hazrat Umer from
fathers side and to Imam Musa Kazim
from mothers side

Educational and Religious Services

Persian Translation of Holy Quran to
answer questions of Christian Missionaries
Al Fauz al Kabir, Muqadima Fe Tarjumatul
Quran, Hajjatul hil balagha, Shahrah al
Mustafa, Shahrah al Musawa, Insaf-eBiyan Fe Sabab Ul Ikhtilaf, Aqd ul Iayad Fe
Ihkam ul Ijtihad ul Talqid, Tafhemat Ilahi,
Izaalatul Khifaa

Social and Political Services

Ending of Social Evils
Reformation of Islamic Society
Invitation to Ahmed Shah Abdali and
formation of Majlis-e-Muntazima
Representation of Unity of Islamic World
Opposition of Sectarianism
Revolutionary Legislature for Islam

Shah Waliullahs four basic principles of

economics

Shah Waliullah has discussed about the four basic principles of

economics; such as Production of wealth, consumption of wealth,
distribution of wealth, exchange of wealth.
The whole nation is participant in the production of wealth, so it
should be distributed in the whole nation. He established the
principles for distribution of wealth among people as well as the
values that how the wealth should be consumed. That economic
system is successful which establishes the principles for these four
branches.

The first principle is that people living in specific geographic

boundaries has the right over the resources of that area. That
economic system in which all the people are equal no single person
or specific class can get hold of the resources. He has narrated
Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique in Aizaalatul Khifa Equality is better in
economics than giving priority to one group over other.

Shah Waliullahs four basic principles of

economics
Second principle is that everybody has the right to have
limited owner ship as the abilities of every individual are
different. Not that the whole nation should have same
clothing, food and houses.
Third principle is that any practice which concentrates
wealth in certain hands will not be tolerated and the
system will oppose it.
Fourth principle is that such a balance should be
maintained in these factors that society develop as a
whole.
Shah waliullah stressed on the creation of a party on
such principles which will end the outmoded system and
built a new system which ensures the development of
society as a whole.

Aligarh Movement
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Early Life
17th October, 1817 to Syed Muhammad Muttaqi
Joined East India Company in 1836 in the office of
Commissioner of Agra and soon promoted as sub-judge
In 1857 saved 20 British Families and was made Sadrus-Sadoor
In 1869 along with Syed Mehmood went to England and
wrote Khutbat-e-Ahmadia
In 1878 Lord Dalton nominated him Member of Imperial
Council
In 1887 Lord Defren made him Member of Civil Service
Commission
Died in 1898 in Ali Garh

RESOURCE FOR ALIGARH

HAYAT E JAVAID BY HALI
Writings and Speeches of Sir Syed
compiled by Shan Muhammad

MAO College and AliGarh

There are three myths about the Aligarh movement: it was simply a movement for
education, Aligarh Muslim University IS the movement, and that the movement is long
dead. Syed Ahmed Khans concerns, visions, and efforts for the Indian Muslims came to
be later known as the Aligarh Movement but it was not simply a movement to make
Muslims learn Western education or even the establishment of a university. It was a
movement to give mission to a community that seemed to have lost its bearing in the fastchanging world, to prepare them for new challenges, and give them new tools to connect
back to their religion and history. Incredibly, Muslims of India still face these issues and the
need for Aligarh movement is still alive.

Rarely history offers such a sharp divide as in 1857 when medieval India came to a close
and a modern India emerged from the ruins. Syed Ahmed understood the new power and
new rules that will shape the future of India. British saw Muslims as a threat and a
challenge to the British rule in India. They held Muslims responsible for the brutal 1857 war
between British and Indian forces. In this situation Muslim centers of learning and culture
in North India were uprooted or abandoned. At that time Syed Ahmad was in the
employment of the British. He wrote Asbab-e-baghawat-e-hind (The Causes of the Indian
Revolt) to show that events of 1857 was a result of British high-handedness in India and
not a conspiracy by the Muslim feudal elites. It was an attempt to tell the rulers of India that
we understand that you are here to stay but we want to be a partner in this new system.

Chronology of Sir Syeds Efforts

Aligarh Movement
1859: Built Gulshan School in Muradabad.
1863: Set up Victoria School in Ghazipur.
1864: Set up the Scientific Society in Aligarh.
This society was involved in the translation of
English works into the native language.
1866: Aligarh Institute Gazette. This imparted
information on history; ancient and modern
science of agriculture, natural and physical
sciences and advanced mathematics.
1870: Committee Striving for the Educational
Progress of Muslims.

Chronology of Sir Syeds Efforts

Aligarh Movement
1875: Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental School (M.
A. O.), Aligarh, setup on the pattern of English
public schools. Later raised to the level of
college in 1877 and university in 1920.
1886: Muhammadan Educational Conference.
This conference met every year to take stock of
the educational problems of the Muslims and to
persuade them to get modern education and
abstain from politics. It later became the political
mouthpiece of the Indian Muslims and was the
forerunner of the Muslim League.
MAO College Aligarh to Muslim University

Objectives of Movement

To protect Islam against the onslaught of Orientalists and to prove

that it was the one true religion;
To remove the bitter enmity which had arisen between the Muslim
and the British for religious or political reasons and to establish
friendly relations between them;
To reinterpret the teaching of Islam and bring them in harmony with
modern science and philosophy so that educated Muslims while
holding on to their religion, might take a rational and enlightened
view of life and meet the demands of the new age;
To persuade Muslims to learn the English language and Western
sciences so that they might secure a substantial share in the
administration of the country.
To maintain Urdu along with English as an associate official
language and to develop it through translations and original writings

QUOTATIONS

Sir Saiyad was a prophet of education (Mahatma Gandhi)

The real greatness of the man (Sir Saiyad) consists in the fact
that he was the first Indian Muslim who felt the need of a fresh
orientation of Islam and worked for it (Sir Allama Iqbal)

Sir Saiyad was an ardent reformer and he wanted to reconcile

modern scientific thought with religion by rationalistic
interpretations and not by attacking basic belief. He was
anxious to push new education. He was in no way communally
separatist. Repeatedly he emphasized that religious differences
should have no political and national significance.
( Jawaharlal Nehru, Founder Prime Minister of India)

Works of Sir Syed

Abtal e Ghulami
Ahkam Taam al-kitab
Ain-E Akbari, 1855, Urdu
Al Khutbat al Ahmadiya (1870), in reply to Muir''s "Life of
Mahomet"
Aldua Wal Istajaba (1892), Urdu
Asbabe Baghavate Hind (1858), Urdu
Izalatul Ghain An Zulqurnain (1889), Urdu
On Hunter's "Our Indian Musalmans", 1872 (Eng)
Tabiyul Kalam Fi Tafsir Al-Taurat-o wal Injeel, 1862, Urdu
Asar al Sanadid

Effects of Aligarh Movement

Development of Western Education

Establishment of Islamic Educational Institutes
Economic Development of Muslims
Political Leadership
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar, Maulana Shokat Ali,
Nawab Mehdi Khan (Mohsin-ul-Mulk), Nawab Wiqarul-Mulk and Nawab Ishaq Khan, Liaquat Ali,
Nazimuddin

Development of Urdu Language

Role in Pakistan Movement
Negative Effects of Aligarh Movement

Aligarh Movement

Political Aspect

The causes of the Indian Revolt (Admission

of Indians to Legislative Councils

Loyal Muhammadans of India

Opposition to the Muslim

participation in the politics (Badruddin Tayyabji).

Muhammadan Educational
Conference

Two Nation Theory (Hindi-Urdu

Controversy, Larger community will over ride the
smaller community)

Aligarh Movement

Educational Aspects

Establishment of Schools
Scientific Society
Establishment of M.A.O School
Establishment of M.A.O College
Publication of Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq

Aligarh Movement

Social Aspects

Western Rationalism
Preaching the Western Civilization
Superstitions outlook
Ahkam-e-Taam-e-Ahle-Kitab
Muslim Orphan Houses

Tafsir al Jinn Wal Jan ala mafi al Quran

(1891), Urdu

Quotations
Educate, Educate, Educate
Landmarks of the Pakistan Movement by
S.M.Burke
Hindus and Muslims are two
irreconcilable Nations (While talking to
Altaf Hussain Hali)
The British System of Election;Pure and
Simple is not suitable for india

 C.F. Andrews and Girja Mookerjee, The

Rise and Growth of the Congress in India
p 52
Other men have written books and founded
colleges; but to arrest as with a wall, the
degeneration of a whole people, that is a
work of a prophet

Quotations
G.F.I. Graham The Life and Work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
One of his great characteristics is his untiring energy. In addition to
great breadth of views on question of national importance, he
posseses a power of work as regards minute details which is
astonishing. Up at 4 am he writes his newspaper articles, his books
and pamphlets- sees visitors, official and private conducts the
onerous duties of the secretary ship to the College Committees not
only by dat, but not infrequently far into the night. His meals are
served in European style, and he is a rigid abstainer from all liquor
except Adams ale. The topics of conversation range from
discussions on metaphysics, religion, and politics to quotations from
Persian poets and humorous anecdotes. He is of middle height and
of massive build, weighing upwards of nineteen stone. He has a
hearty laugh and enjoys a joke as much as any man

Dar-ul-Alum Deoband
Uttar Pardesh,India

Background
Madrassa e Rahimia
Shah Muhammad Ishaq and Shah Abdul Ghani
Shah Ghulam Ali and Shah Makhshooullah

Corruption of Islam by British Colonialism

Protection of Faith and Christian Missionaries
Establishment of Dar-ul-Aloom Deoband
The foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband was laid
down in 1283 A.H. (21st of May 1866 A.D.) beneath a
pomegranate tree
Poper working on 3rd May, 1867 by a student
Mehmood-ul-Hasan and a teacher Maulvi Mohammad
Mehmood, Syed Abid Hussain
Maulana Muhammad Qasim at 10 rupees/month
Later became the second largest Islamic University

Rise of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband

Efforts of Maulana Qasim and its
expansion
In Muradabad, Saharan Pur, Nagina
Later Jamia Millia Nawakhlian (Qasim-ulAloom)

Basic Principles of Darul Aloom

Principles were conceived by Maulana
Qasim Nanautvi
Steps for collecting donations
Permanent Residence for Students
Coordination Among Teacher
Educational Syllabus
No Interference
Donors and Preachers
No permanent Income

Basic Principles of Darul Aloom

The faculty instructed its students primarily
in Urdu, the lingua franca of the urbanised
section of the region, and supplemented it
with study of Arabic (for theological
reasons) and Persian (for cultural and
literary reasons. In due course, it also
unwittingly cemented the growing
association of the Urdu language with the
north Indian Muslim community

Pattern of Education
Deoband's curriculum is based on the 17th-century IndoIslamic syllabus known as Dars-e-Nizami. The core
curriculum teaches Islamic law (Shariah), Islamic
jurispridence (Fiqh), traditional Islamic spirituality (known
as Tasawwuf, which is the focus of Sufism), as well as
several other fields of Islamic study.[4][5]
The current syllabus consists of four stages. The first
three stages can be completed in a total of eight years.
The final stage is a post-graduate stage where students
specialize in a number of advanced topics, such as the
sciences of Hadeeth, Fiqh and so on.

Characteristics of Education in
Ali Garh
MAO College was equipped with the above
philosophy. Tarbiyat of the students living in
Hostels were part of the duties of Principal and
Manager of Hostels. For Islamic and moral
education, Sir Saiyad created a position of Nazime-Diniyaat for MAO College who was responsible
for Islamic and moral education of the students.
Dars-e-Quran was part of curriculum of the college
and every morning before the start of the class,
Allama Shibli Nomani used to give Dars-e-Quran
for about half hour from 1887 to 1895 and later on
the responsibility was handed over to Maulana
Abdullah Ansari, the founder Nazim-e-Diniyaat.

Main Events
Maulana Rasheed Ahmed Gangohi
tookover in 15th April, 1880
Legitimacy regarding relations with non
Muslims
Thus western Education also nourished

Mehmood-ul-Hassan (Sheikhul Hind) in

1889 and Tehreek-e-Reshmi Romaal
Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi in 1920 and
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam

Impact of Deoband School

Many Islamic schools throughout modern India and
Pakistan - and more recently in Afghanistan, the United
Kingdom, South Africa - as well as in hundreds of other
places throughout the world are affiliated, or theologically
linked, to Darul Uloom Deoband. Famous seminaries
have been established by its graduates
As the official website of the Darul Uloom proclaims in
flowery language, 'the whole of Asia is redolent with the
aroma of this Prophetic garden.'

Notable Ulema

Mehmood-ul-Hasan
Anwar Shah Kashmiri
Mufti Mohammad Naeem Ludihanavi
Raees-ul-Ahrar Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman Ludihanavi
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Husain Ahmed Madani
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Muhammad Shafi Uthmani (Mufti-e-Azam Pakistan)
Qari Muhammad Tayaib Qasmi (President of Khatm-e-Nubuwwat Movement
Hong Kong,China).
Muhammad Ilyas]] Kandhelvi
Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi
Nik Aziz Nik Mat (Chief Minister of Kelantan State, Malaysia)
Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, Sindh, Pakistan
Shaikhul Hadith Maulana Naseer Ahmad Khan Buland Shehri

Notable Institutions

Darul Uloom Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, India

Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow, India
Jamia Uloom ul Islamia(Binori Town), Karachi, Pakistan
Darul Uloom Haqqania, Akora Khattak, Pakistan
Jamia Ashrafia, Lahore, Pakistan
Jamiah Rahmania Arabia Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran
Darul Uloom London, London, England
Darul Uloom Al-Madania, Buffalo, New York
Darul Uloom Zakariyya, Lenasia, South Africa

Recent Developments
The Darul Uloom has expanded its activities and started
new departments during the last decades. In view of
great challenge from the Ahmadiyya
Movement (Qadiyanism), Darul Uloom convened the All
India Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat Conference and
established a special department to refute Qadiyanism. It
started the 'Shaikhul Hind Academy' for publishing
books, and training students in Urdu journalism. In 1996,
the Computer Department was opened, which was later
extended and an Internet Department also added. The
Darul Uloom has also introduced a two-year full-time
Diploma in English language and literature for students
wishing to pursue higher education in universities.

Quotation
Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan
I have had relation with Darul Uloom since the
time the Shaikh-ul-Hind, Maulana Mehmud
Hasan, was alive. Sitting here, we used to
make plans for the independence movement,
as to how we might drive away the English
from this country and how we could make
India free from the yoke of slavery of the
British Raj. This institution has made great
efforts for the freedom of this country

Comparison with Aligarh Movement

Maulana Rasheed Gangoohi and Sir Syed

Western vs. Orthodox education
Educational Consciousness
Political Philosophies
Ideas on Two Nation Theory
Role in Pakistan Movement

nadwatul Ullama
Lucknow

Background

Gap between materialism and spiritualism

Role of Ceaser Vs Role of God
Isolation of Ulema from Practical life
Sectional Jealousies
To reach a middle path between classical Islam and modernity.
It was founded at Kanpur in 1894 in the first annual convention
of Nadwatul Ulema ("Organisation of Scholars") by Allama
Shibli Nomani, Muhammad Ali Mongiri, Ashraf Ali Thanwi and
Mahmud-ul-Hasan, with an idea to counter the challenge of
western education. The institution was intended to be a modified
version of Deoband. The foundation stone was laid by Sir. John
Briscott Hewitt, Lt. Governor of India on November 28, 1906.
Pioneer of the movement was Deputy Collector Maulvi Abdul
Ghafoor
In 1894 Maulvi Muhammad Ali Kanpuri was made its first
Administrator (Nazim)

Why NADWA?
The choice of the name Nadwa got inspiration
from a hall in Mecca, where nobles used to
assemble to deliberate. Nadwa was eventually
shifted to Lucknow in 1898 (from Kanpur) and
updated the Islamic curricula with modern
sciences, vocational training etc

Vision of the Founders

The Present educational system and needs a reform.

Principles or representative of all the Islamic Institutions (Madaaris) should attend the
annual convention of Nadwatul Ulema.

A Federation of Madaaris should be formed so that all the madaaris should come under
one umbrella. To implement this scheme few large Madaaris should be started which will
act as a main Madrasah known as Nadwatul-Uloom and rest will be their branches.
Nadwatul-Uloom will keep an eye on the activities of the branches.

Expansion of Madarsa Faiz-e-Aam with Hostel facility.

Curriculum reform (This was proposed by Shah Muhammad Husain Allahabadi and
seconded by Allama Shibli Nomani)

Aims
To serve as a bridge between the Old World and the new but
firm and unbending in the matter of fundamentals.
Aimed at producing an educated class of Muslims well versed
in traditional learning and yet actively involved with the ruling
power.
Sought to give Arabic, both modern and classical, a central
place in its system of education besides facilitating links with
Muslim West Asia.
Safety of Islamic Society
Eliminating the Mutual Tension b/w Ulemas
Betterment of Indian Muslims

Reaction of the Society

Initially Opposition by both Muslims and Non
Muslims
Sir Anthony Mcdonald governor of UP called
them a tool of politics
Ahmad Raza Khan Brailvi organized a warrior
group against them
Deoband Ulemas opposed Maulana Shibli
Naumani

Extension of the movement

British Government, Aga Khan and
Nawabs of Bhopal and Bahawalpur
donated
Maulana Shibli Naumanis time as the
administrator is called the golden period of
nadwa

Comparison
Deoband and AIigarh were opposites and
nadwa was formed to act as a bridge
between them
Syed Suleman Nadvi and Ashraf Ali
Thanvi an era of good relations started as
Suleman was a disciple of Thanvi
All worked to educate the muslims

Tehreek-e-Reshmi Romal

 The key leaders of that movement were

Maulana Husain Ahmad Madni, Maulana
Shah Raheem Raipuri, Maulana
Ubaidullah Sindhi and Maulana
Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari.

Background
After World War -1 in 1914 Sheikh-ul-Hind
Maulana Mehmood ul Hassan started a
movement against Britishers
Maulana Ubaid Ullah Sindhi selected and was
sent to kabul for that purpose
This movement is known as Tehreek-e Reshmi
Rumal (Silken Kerchief movement) because the
letters exchanged between Shaikhul Hind and
his colleagues containing the outlines of the plan
to recruit the volunteers for the army and to
establish a national government(soraj) were
written on silk piece of cloth.

Ubaid ulllah Sindhis plan of

Freedom
Turk Army to enter India via Afghanista
Revolutionaries to support them from India
Agreements made with Afghanistan and
Turkey. First between Mujahideen and
Turk Government and Second between
Turk and Afhghan governments
After repulsion of British the Turk Army
would go back

Actuality of the Tehreek

Silk Handkerchiefs were made
Spied got hold of the information and
Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hassan was
arrested from Makkah by Hussain Sharif

Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam
Lahore

Background
Christian Missionaries and Hindu Pandits
were having the hold of the educational
institutes of Punjab
On 24th Sep 1884 Chiragh Din called a
meeting of 250 Muslims in Mochi Gate
Mosque Lahore

Office Bearers
Qazi Khalifa Hammed ud Din was made
President
Maulvi Ghulam Ullah Qasoori made the
General Secretary
Munshi Chiragh Din, Haji Mir
Shamshuddin, Maulvi Ghulam Ullah Khan,
Najamuddin Nazir and Dr Muhammad Din
Nazir

Donation System
In the first meeting 54 rupees collected
In the first year 750 rupees collected

Administrative Structure
Lahore the centre office and the General
Council sat there.
Standing Committee to take decision

Aims
Answer to the objections of christian
missionaries
Formation of Modern Islamic Educational
Institutes
Arrangements for

Services of Anjuman
The Amjuman is running an orphanage (Yateem
Khana, established in 1884) as well as Dar-ulShafqat (Male)Dar-ul-Shafqat (Female)Dar-ulAman (Female)Dar-ul-Uloom Dinia (Male) &
(Female)Public School(Co-Ed)Hamayat-e-Islam
Degree College (Female)Hamayat-e-Islam High
School (Boys)Hamayat-e-Islam Pasha Girls High
School Hamayat-e-Islam Law CollegeHamayate-Islam Tibya CollegeHamayat-e-Islam Rajgarh
SchoolHamayat-e-Islam Younani Shafa
KhanaHamayat-e-Islam Library