ESSENTIAL OF TEACHING

• Prepared by
Mrs.S.Anuchithra Radhakrishnan
Professor,
P.D.Bharatesh College of Nursing,
Belgaum, Katnataka.
 EDUCATION
• Never ending process
• Makes the individual as real human being
• Man becomes man through education
• Man learns something at every moment
and on every day
• Education equips the individual with
social, moral, cultural and spiritual
aspects
 Meaning of Education
• Etymological meaning
First view: Education is derived from
the Latin word “EDUCATUM” which
means ‘ to bring up’ or ‘to nourish’
Second view: Education is derived
from the Latin word ‘education’ which
means ‘to find out’, or ‘to draw out’,
‘effort is to draw out’
Third view: Education comes from the
Latin word ‘Education’ which means the
‘act of teaching or training’.
 Philosophies of Education
• Philosophy means the study of theories
about the meaning of things such as life,
knowledge, and beliefs.
• A few important philosophies of education are,
1.Idealism 5. Marxism
2.Naturalism 6. Existentialism
3.Pragmatism 7. Materialism
4.Progressivism 8. Spiritualism
 INTRODUCTION
• Teaching is an essential part of education

• Special function - impart knowledge,

develop understanding and skills.

• It implies 7 R’s – Reading, writing,

Arithmetic, (All three denoting school
subjects), Rights, Responsibilities,
Relationships and Recreation.
MEANING OF TEACHING
• Teaching is a series of events.
• Teacher attempts to bring desired
behavioral changes in students.
• The manner of thinking, feeling and
acting of students is changed.

Cont..
• Teaching widens the adaptability of
students to complex environment.
• It imparts useful information to the
students and develops harmonious
relationship between the teacher the
students and the subject.
• It guides the student’s activities and trains
his emotions.
Cont..
• The art of teaching includes, presenting
the subject matter in an attention
catching manner, through simple
language, pleasing gestures and soft
voice.

• It is the establishment of a situation

conditioned to bring effective learning.
Cont..
• It is a complex situation with a range of
activities wherein the teacher is the focal
point.
• Teaching is social and professional
activities observable through teacher
interaction.
• It is a face to face interaction process
between a teacher and the students.
contd…
• Teaching and learning are related but
independent processes.
• Teaching leads to learning but not always.
• Smith (1960) defines teaching as “A
system and actions intended to induce
learning”.
• Teaching is not an exact science.
contd…
• The teacher must apply his
knowledge to the complex world of
the class room
• Teaching is an activity which goes
on between the 2 parties – i.e. the
giver and receiver.
• The receiver may be an individual
or a small group or big.
contd…
• Teachers are born not made.
• A teacher is a social entity.
• A poor teacher tells.
A Good teacher teaches.
An excellent teacher demonstrates.
An outstanding teacher motivates.
 DEFINITIONS
Rabindranath Tagore: “A teacher
can never truly teach unless he is still
learning himself. A lamp can never
light another lamp unless it continues to
burn its own flame”.
Clarke (1970): Teaching refers to
“Activities that are designed and
performed to produce change in
students (Pupil) behaviour”.
Yoakm and Simpson: “Teaching is the
means whereby the society trains the
young in a selected environment as
quickly
as possible to adjust themselves to the
world in which they live”.
Michael Oakeshort (1966): Teaching is
two-fold activity of communicating
information and communicating
judgment.
N.L. Gage (1962): Teaching is a form of
interpersonal influence aimed at changing
the behaviour potential of another person.
Aims, Objectives and Functions
of Teaching
• To maximize pupil achievement and
attainment.
• To motivate pupils and to encourage life
long learning.
• To make learning enjoyable.
• To develop collegiality between teachers.
contd…
• To develop in pupils and staff a sense of
responsibility for their own learning.
• Creating the situations.
• Motivating the child to learn.
• Arranging for conditions which assist in
the growth of the child’s mind and body.
• Turning the children into creative beings.
contd…
• Inspiring the children with the nobility
thoughts, feelings and actions.
• Giving information and explaining it.
• Diagnosing learning problems.
• Making curricular material.
• Evaluating, recording and reporting.
 Nature of Teaching and
Characteristics of Teaching
• Teaching is Giving Information.

• Teaching is Causing to Learn.

• Teaching is a Matter of Helping the

Child to Respond to his Environment in
an Effective Manner.
contd…
• Teaching is Helping a Child to Adjust
himself to his Environment.
• Teaching is Stimulation and
Encouragement.
• Teaching is Guidance.
• Teaching is training the Emotions of the
Child.
contd…
• Teaching is Both a Conscious and an
Unconscious Process.
• Teaching is a Means of Preparation.
• Teaching as a Skilled Occupation.
• Teaching is an Art.
Contd…
• Teaching is a Form of Social Service
T
• Teaching as a Relationship
S S
• Teaching is not one sided

• Teaching is a bipolar process

contd…
• Teaching is not an independent activity.
• Teaching is both formal and informal
• Teaching is dynamic.
• Teaching is an art and science.
• Teaching is an interactive process.
Contd…
• Teaching is worthy of observation and
analysis.
• Teaching is dominated by the
communication.
• Teaching is task oriented.
• Teaching is a face to face encounter.
• Teaching facilitates learning
• Teaching is therapy to learners
 Marks of Good Teaching
• Good Teaching is enabling the child to
learn through his own efforts

• Good Teaching providing appropriate

activities and experience for learning

• Good Teaching is motivating his students

to learn
contd…
• Good Teaching involves in guiding
learning

• Good Teaching incorporates

Co-operativeness and suggestiveness

• Good Teaching is child centered

• Good Teaching is kindly and

sympathetic

• Good Teaching is Democratic

contd…
• Good Teaching is Humanistic

• Good Teaching is providing desirable

and selective information

• Good Teaching is helps the child to

adjust himself to his environment

• Good Teaching is leading to emotional

stability of the students
contd…
• Good Teaching is both diagnostic and
remedial
• Good Teaching is a cause to learn
• Good Teaching reduces the distance
between teacher and student
• Good Teaching is flexible and not tied to
any one method
• Good Teaching recognizes individual
differences

contd…
• Good Teaching is progressive

• Good Teaching always considers the

level of students

• Good Teaching is stimulating

• Good Teaching should be on the basis of

previous knowledge
contd…
• Good Teaching will develop initiative,
independence in thinking and doing, self-
reliance and confidence among children

• Good Teaching is carefully planned in

advance
 Principles of Teaching
• Principles of Motivation

• Principles of activity

• Teacher should arouse interest in

students

• There should be well defined objectives

contd…
• Principle of individual difference.

• Principle of creativity.

• Principle of selection.

• Principle of division.

• Principle of revision and practice.

• Principle of correlation.

• Principle of connecting with life

 Maxims of Teaching
• Proceed from known to unknown

• Proceed from concrete to abstract

• Proceed from analysis to synthesis

• Proceed from simple to complex

contd…
• Proceed from whole to parts

• Proceed from easy to more difficult

• Proceed inductively

• Proceed from general to specific

contd…
• Proceed from specific to general

• Proceed from indefinite to definite

• Proceed from empirical to rational

• Proceed from overview to details

• From observation to reasoning

 Teaching Styles
 Autocratic

 Democratic

 Laissez Faire
 Factors affecting Teaching and
Learning
• Nature of the learner or characteristics.

• Characteristics or Concepts of the

Teacher.

• Social climate.

• Nature of the material to be learn.

contd…
 Nature of the learner or
characteristics
• Age

• Health

• Language

• Cultural background
 Characteristics or Concepts of
the Teacher (Qualities)
• Well balanced personality

• Professionally well groomed

• Good voice quality

• Tolerant and fair

contd…
• Kind and patient

• Teaching quality- knowledge in subject

matter

• Preparation of classes

• Clear exposition of subject matter

• Teaching at the level of group

contd…
• Leadership ability as well as a deeper
knowledge

• Assignments

• Evaluation

• Interest in Nursing and in Student Nurses

Qualities of Good Nurse Educator
• IPR with students

• Professional competence

• Personal qualities

• Student friendly behaviour in clinical

area
contd…
 a) IPR with students

• Taking personal interest in students

• Alleviating student anxieties

• Being accessible for conferences

• Fair in dealings
contd…
• Permitting students to express differing
points of view

• Conducive environment for asking

questions

• Conveying sense of warmth

 b) Professional competence
• Knowledge in theory, Practice and
Research

• Presenting material in interest way

• Clear and Organized Manner

contd…
• Confidence in professional activities

• Ability to inspire students

• Creativity

• Demonstration skills

• Elicit students interest

 c) Personal qualities
• Enthusiasm

• Willingness to admit errors

• Cheerfulness

• Consideration

• Honesty
contd…
• Calmness

• Poise

• Sense of humor

• Lack of annoying mannerisms

• Patience and neat appearance

 d) Student friendly behaviour
in clinical area
• Promotion of self confidence among
students

• Willingness to help

• Answering questions freely

• Allowing students to recognize and

correct errors
contd…
• Giving verbal encouragement

• Showing interest in patient care

• Conveying confidence in the learner

• Supervising with out taking over

 Social climate
• Good IPR

• Conducive environment

• Communication channel should be

opened to the students

• View all the students

• Talk louder
Nature of the material to be learn
• Objectives

• Interesting

• Proper Introduction

• Attitude change

• Development of skills