Leadership Behavior
and Motivation
31
Chapter 3
Learning Outcomes
University of Iowa leadership styles
University of Michigan and Ohio State
University leadership models
Ohio State University leadership model and
the leadership grid
Three content motivation theories
Four types of reinforcement
Content, process, and reinforcement theories
32
33
Leadership Style
The combination of traits, skills, and
behaviors leaders use as they interact with
followers.
34
University of Iowa
Leadership Styles
Autocratic...........................Democratic
36
Low
Low Structure
High Structure
and
and
High Consideration
High Consideration
Low Structure
High Structure
and
and
Low Consideration
Low Consideration
Initiating Structure
Low
High
38
39
310
311
1,9
9,
Team Leader
9
Country Club
5,5
Middle of the Road
Impoverished
Authority-Compliance
1,1
1
Low
9,
1
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313
What is Motivation?
314
Motivation
Anything that affects behavior in pursuit of
a certain outcome
315
Motivation Process
People go from need to motive to behavior
to consequence to satisfaction or
dissatisfaction
316
Need
Motive
Behavior
Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction
Consequence
Feedback
317
1. Content motivation
theories
a.
Hierarchy of needs
theory
b. Two-factor theory
c. Acquired needs theory
2. Process motivation
theories
3. Reinforcement theory
a.
Equity theory
b. Expectancy theory
c. Goal-setting theory
Type of Reinforcement
a. Positive
b. Avoidance
c. Extinction
d. Punishment
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319
Content Motivation
Theories
Focus on explaining and predicting behavior
based on peoples needs
320
3
3
Content
Content
Motivatio
Motivatio
n
n
Theories
Theories
Hierarchy
of
Needs
Acquired
Needs
Two-Factor
3-21
What is a Hierarchy
of Needs Theory?
322
323
324
What is Herzbergs
Theory of Motivation?
326
Motivator Factors
Intrinsic
Satisfied or not satisfied
327
328
Affiliation
Power
Achievement
329
330
Equity Theory
(proposed that employees are motivated
when their perceived inputs equal
outputs.)
Our inputs
=
(contributions)
Others input
(contributions)
Our outcomes =
(rewards)
Others outcomes
(rewards)
331
332
Expectancy Theory
3-33
334
Goal-setting Theory
Proposes that specific, difficult goals motivate
people
335
336
Singular result
One end result
Specific
Exact performance expected
Measurable
Observe and measure progress
Target date
Specific completion date
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338
What is
Reinforcement Theory?
339
Reinforcement Theory
Also known as behavior modification
Based on studies of B.F. Skinner
Depends on reinforcement
Positive
Avoidance
Extinction
Punishment
Reinforcement can be
Continuous
Intermittent
340
You get
what you
reinforce,
not always
what you
reward!
341
342
Motivating with
Reinforcement
343
344
345
346
Discussion Question #1
347
Discussion Question #2
348
Discussion Question #3
349
Discussion Question #4
350
Discussion Question #5
351
Discussion Question #6
Which of the four content motivation
theories do you prefer?
Why?
352
Discussion Question #7
Which of the three process motivation
theories do you prefer?
Why?
353
Discussion Question #8
Reinforcement theory is unethical
because it is used to manipulate
employees.
Do you agree with this statement?
Explain your answer.
354
Discussion Question #9
Which motivation theory do you feel is
the best?
Why?
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356