Inequality in Education

Concept
Access to education is not evenly distributed to all residents
due to certain factors.
Factors:
1. Geographical Location
2. Students background,
3. Socioeconomics status
4. Academic achievement
5. Students interest
6. Language differences

Social Class
Concept: A group of people of similar status, sharing
comparable levels of power and wealth
Upper class (corporates), middle class (teacher), lower
class (blue-collar workers)
Diff positions represents diff levels of power, influence
and money
How inequality happened: Upper class has more
compared to the rest
1. Financial capacity
2. Educational opportunities
3. Health (basic needs)

Teaching Implication/Government
efforts
Educational opportunities: Provides extra classes to help those
with middle and lower class
Health: RMT (Rancangan Makanan Tambahan), Program Susu 1
Malaysia
Basic needs: Hostel, Allowance,Transport
Resources: Full access to computer labs under teachers
supervision
Teacher should give educational opportunity equally. (Not biased)
Encourage mix-ability group works. (Discussion, sharing ones
experience)
Collaboration with PTA (Parents-Teacher Association)

Gender
Concept: Gender refers to the sociocultural dimensions of being
female or male.
Gender roles are the social expectations that prescribe how
males and females should think, act, and feel.
How inequality occurs:
1. Gender bias in textbook
2. Gender bias in teaching materials
3. Choice of courses (ERT/Electric)
4. Choice of sport
5. Stereotyping gender roles in organization
6. Evaluation instrument *NOT SURE

Teaching Implication
Avoid gender biasness/ avoid practice favouritism
Provide equal opportunity for the students to participate in
the class regardless gender
Provide equal opportunity for the students to take part in
the class organization
Avoid select materials that portray gender biasness
Avoid using materials that portray stereotyping in
gender/gender roles
Varied evaluation instruments to cater to both gender ;
practical and theory

Minority groups
Concept: a small group of people of the same race, religion,
culture etc living in a place that the majority of inhabitants of diff
race, religion etc.
In Malaysian context: Chinese, Indian,Kadazan,Iban,Bidayuh,
indigenous, aborigines
How inequality occurs:
1. Geographical location
2. Basic amenities
3. Transportation
4. Infrastructure
5. School supplies
.Results to HIGH dropout rate, wide achievement gap, digital gap

Teaching Implication/Government
efforts
Teacher should approach and treat them equally
Encourage cooperative learning
Provide sufficient resources such as books
Make sure resources easily accessible

Special Needs
Concept: Pupils with special needs intellectually, physically,
emotionally, socially. Pupils who are having learning difficulties,
physically disabilities, gifted
How inequality occur:
1. Lack of facilities
2. Expertise teachers/ Teacher has limited knowledge esp those
who are having learning difficulty
3. They not have exact module of curriculum
4. Evaluation instrument
.*Refer to Special Ed doc for more info

Teaching Implication/Government
efforts

Use various teaching methods that caters various learning styles such
as cooperative learning, project based, collaborative learning
Use suitable teaching materials
Specialist teachers in the various categories of special needs
School facilities and special equipment needs to be modified according
to their degree or type of disability
Appropriate curriculum module
Various evaluation instrument , oral, practical etc
Remedial classes
LINUS programme
Inclusive Education
Special Education School
PROTIM 3M
PERMATA

Inequality issue in Interior Areas

Rural communities esp in remote areas
How inequality occur:
1. Lack of basic amenities
2. Poor school condition (facilities,infrastructure)
3. Less trained teachers
4. Lack of qualified teachers for special education
5. Lack of qualified male teachers for effective implementation of
cocurriculur activities
6. Geographical location
7. Lower SES
8. Limited access to resources
9. Low budget

Government efforts to bridging edu

gap
Extra classes
Transportation
Life jacket
Allowance
1 Murid 1 Laptop
KG. WIFI
Computer labs
Sekolah Bestari
Mentor mentee programme
Hostel
Scholarship
Bantuan Baju Sekolah
Increases no of trained teachers esp critical subjects
More budget (1963M) as stated in Blueprint

More