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Renewable and Energy Efficiency Technical

Assistance Project (REETA)


Support for the Institutional Structures for Sustainable Energy in the
Caribbean

The Green Bartica Project


CARILEC 2015 Renewable Energy Conference
September 2015
Niebert Blair
Project Manager, GPL
Ken Aldonza
Sustainable Energy Project Officer

Caribbean Community Secretariat


Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit, GIZ GmbH
German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

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Seite 1

REETA objective and components


Objective:
Regional and national stakeholders in the field of Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency are increasingly able to meet the political, organizational and technical
challenges of a growing market in the Caribbean region.
Component 1

Component 2

Component 3

Component 4

Component 5

Regional
Strategy
(C-SERMS)

Capacity
Building

Private Sector

Model Projects

Financial
Sector

New!

updated

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Seite 2

Genesis of Green Bartica Project


Keywords for President Grangers Statement from June 2015
Guyanas first green town
Energy generation is sustainable
Sustainable economy

Objectives/KPIs
Improve system reliability Energy capacity shortage (%)
Reduce cost of energy USD$/kWh
Increase use of sustainable energy - RE Penetration (%)

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Seite 3

Bartica - Overview

Population: approx. 20,000


Economy: Mining
Location: 6.40 N, 58.62
W

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Overall characteristics
Economic sectors
Mining (though this is reduced by direct flights to Georgetown)
Tourism (four hotels, eco-lodges, spring regatta)
Transport (river, land and air)
Public sector activities
Health (The Region 7 hospital is located in Bartica)
Education (Bartica has two secondary schools, Bartica
Secondary and Three Miles Secondary, and three primary
schools, St. Anthony's Primary and St. John-the-Baptist and
Two Miles Primary. There are several other primary schools in
the surrounding riverine communities)
Administration (police station, stelling, etc) the regional office

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Key stakeholders
Customers (in different segments)
Households (lifeline, middle income, higher income)
Public services (health, education, administration, transportation )
Businesses (commercial, retail, industrial, mining, forestry, agricultural, services,
tourism)

Government
Office of the President
GEA
GPL (utility)
Ministries (economy, environment, health, education, public infrastructure,
tourism)
Local government (town management)

Energy sector investors / lenders


IPPs
Banks (CDB, IDB, commercial banks)

Civil society
NGOs (WWF, others?)

Development partners
UNDP/USAID
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Seite 6

Bartica Power Sector

Overview
Bartica Power Sector is operated by
the Guyana Power and Light Inc
(GPL), which is a vertically integrated
power company that generates,
transmits, distributes and sells electric
energy to customers.

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Seite 7

Main Existing Distribution Grid


Bartica distribution grid as shown in figure 1 consists of
three (3) voltage levels. These are:
1. 480V - Generation
2. 4.16kV - Generation and Secondary Medium Voltage
Distribution
3. 13.8kV Primary Medium Distribution Lines
The Bartica power sector is divided into two main
categories. These are:
4. Generation
5. Distribution

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Seite 8

Grid Expansion
Distribution grid system expansion for Bartica can be
conceptualized in three forms:
1. Increase in demand in all sectors as a result of
township in April 2016
2. Unserved areas - 4 & 5 miles housing scheme
(approx. 400 and 320 customers, receptively)
3. Additional energy sources (Hydro, Solar, Biogmass)
Bartica expects a considerable load growth in the coming
years. In 2036 the peak load is expected to be around three
times higher than in 2015

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Demand Characteristics
Weekly Load Profile

Demand Forecast

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Seite 10

Single Line Diagram of Bartica

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Seite 11

Generation
Bartica Generator Engine Status
Unit

Present R/H

Last O/haul
R/hours

R/H Since
Last O/H

Last Type
Overhaul

Next O/haul
Hours

Next type
O/haul

#9

60,441.49

53655.2

6786.29

MAJOR

56862.19

MAJOR

#10

10,410.58

5,006.00

5,404.58

MAJOR

14,048.00

TOP

#6

52712.91

49362.19

3650.72

TOP

7500

TOP

Generator Performance Status ending the month of July, 2015


UNITS

# 6 UNIT

# 9 UNIT

#10 UNIT

TOTAL

252.894

503.531

260.273

1016.698

0.9

1.4

1.4

3.7

85.75%

96.66%

94.04%

Plant Load Factor (%)

35.86

59.06

44.85

68.26

Thermal Efficiency (%)

32.13

41.48

32.5

36.28

Fuel Rate (Gals/MWH)

69.39

53.75

68.6

61.44

Lube Oil Rate (Gals/MWH)

0.06

0.07

0.04

Gross Gen. (MWH)


Operating Cap. (MW)
Availability (%)

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Seite 12

Distribution Grid
Bartica, there is only one
feeder which continues
to operate at 4.16kV, the
South Feeder. It is
proposed that by the end
of this year (2015) all
distribution
feeders
would be upgraded to
13.8kV

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Seite 13

Bartica Feeders
Pataro Road Feeder
The total peak is 1.4MW at an approximate power factor of 78%.
Single phase loads 95 %
Three phase loads 5% - include schools, water-well and guest house.

South Feeder
The total peak is 298 kW at an approximate power factor of 75%.
Single phase loads 97%
Three phase loads 3% - includes commercial business, market and
sawmill. The sawmill is presently out of operation.

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Seite 14

Present Grid Operation


The peak demand at the power plant was recorded to be 1.961 MW on
the June 23, 2015 at 7pm. This case was simulated and yields the
following results:
Feeder

P (kW)

Q(kVAr)

Generation (kW)
P (kW)

Pataro Road

South
Distribution
Line Losses
Total

1479

464

Q(kVAr)

Load Dispatch
P (%)

Q (%)

75.42

71.94

23.66

24.79

0.92

3.32

1187

409
1960

18

54.73

1961

1650

1650

Voltage at all nodes are within acceptable range as per ANSI C84.1.
However, the generated reactive power is extremely high as a result
of the low power factor.
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Seite 15

Feeder Performance
Approximately 40% of the power generated at 4.16 kV is transmitted to the
substation T3.
The remaining 60% is distributed along the South Feeder and its spurs.

Main Branch and Substation Transformer Performance


ID
4.16kV Back
Bone
13.8kV Back
Bone
T1
T2
T3

kW Flow

kvar Flow

Amp Flow

% Loading

kW Losses

kvar Losses

79.017

-116

19.43

23

1.559

0.444

1405

1309

80.14

24

3.395

5.906

741
672
77.377

671
684
-116

1207
1156
5.856

39.3
37.6
18.6

3.905
3.615
0.082

23.429
21.689
0.49

Generator Performance
ID

Rating

Rated kV

MW

Mvar

Amp

% PF

%
Generation

No.6

0.9 MW

4.16

0.543

0.293

85.62

88.03

60.3

No.9

1.4 MW

0.48

0.744

0.672

1207

74.21

53.2

No.10

1.4 MW

0.48

0.674

0.685

1156

70.17

48.2

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Seite 16

Renewable Energy Sources in


Bartica

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Seite 17

Baseline Energy Data

GPL Cost of Generation


Self Generator Cost of
Generation
Average Generation Cost in
Bartica
Annual Capacity Shortage
Average Renewable Energy
Penetration

USD$/M
182.84 Wh
USD$/MW
7060.83 h
USD$/kW
1.47 h
31%
0%

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Seite 18

Scenario Projections
Scena
rio

Year
Year
Year
Year

C
3 MWp Solar
1 MWp Solar PV 2 MWp Solar
PV + 4.2
+ 4.2 MWh
PV + 4.2 MWh
MWh Battery
Battery Storage
Battery
Storage +
+ 3.8 MW
Storage + 3.8
3.8 MW
Diesel
MW Diesel
1
Diesel
+ 0.5 MWp
+ 2.8 MW
+ 100%
Solar PV + 1
Biomass
Biodiesel
3
MW Hydro
5 + 1 MW Hydro
0
0
+ 1.5 MWp
Solar PV + 1
0
0
9
MW Hydro

Z
+ New
Diesel

0
0
0

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Seite 19

Scenario Projections Energy and LCOE


Scenario A
EE Adjusted Load and RE Supply Growth

kWh

30,000,000

30,000,000

20,000,000

20,000,000

10,000,000

10,000,000

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

kWh

Year
Solar

Hydro

Load Growth With EE

Energy Mix Versus LCOE


30,000,000

0.40
0.30

20,000,000
kWh

0.20

10,000,000
-

0.10
1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

$/kWh

Year
Solar Energy/kWh

Hydro Energy/kWh

Residual Diesel Load/kWh

Estimated LCOE $/kWh

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Seite 20

Scenario Projections Energy and LCOE


Scenario B
EE Adjusted Load and RE Supply Growth

kWh

30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

kWh

Year
Solar

Biomass Wood

Load Growth With EE

Energy Mix Versus LCOE

kWh

25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

0.40
0.30
0.20

$/kWh

0.10
0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Year
Solar Energy/kWh

Biomass Energy/kWh

Residual Diesel Load/kWh

Estimated LCOE $/kWh

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Scenario Projections Energy and LCOE


Scenario C
EE Adjusted Load and RE Supply Growth

kWh

30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
-

Year
Solar

Biodiesel

Load Growth With EE

Energy Mix Versus LCOE


25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
kWh

10,000,000
5,000,000
-

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

0.35
0.34
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.32

$/kWh

Year
Solar Energy/kWh

Biodiesel

Residual Diesel Load/kWh

Estimated LCOE $/kWh

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Seite 22

Scenario Effects on KPIs


KPIs for Scenario A
150%

$2.00
$1.50

100%

$1.00

50%
0%
Baseline

$0.50
Yr 1

Yr 3

Annual Capacity Shortage

Yr 5

Yr 9

$-

Average Renewable Energy Penetration

Average Generation Cost $/kWh

KPIs for Scenario B


150%
100%
50%
0%
Yr 0

Yr 1

Yr 3

Annual Capacity Shortage

Yr 5

Yr 9

$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$-

Average Renewable Energy Penetration

Average Generation Cost $/kWh

KPIs for Scenario C


150%

$2.00
$1.50

100%

$1.00

50%
0%
Yr 0

$0.50
Yr 1
Annual Capacity Shortage

Yr 3

Yr 5

Yr 9

$-

Average Renewable Energy Penetration

Average Generation Cost $/kWh

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Seite 23

Economic Considerations for


Decision Makers
Scenario ->
Decision Criteria
:
PV of Capital
Investment/USD$M
20 Year NPV of Savings
at 4% D.R./USD$M

A - 3 MWp
B-1
C - 1 MWp
Solar +
MWp
Solar +
4.2 MWh Solar + 4.2 MWh
Battery 4.2 MWh Battery
Storage + Storage + Storage +
3MW
2.8 MW
4 MW
ZHydro
Biomass Biodiesel BAU
15.76

20.85

8.83

31.2

16.5

-5.09

Benefit/Cost Ratio

2.0

0.8

0.0

0.0

Resulting Energy Cost

0.11

0.21

0.33

0.34

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Seite 24

Potential Issues and Recommendations


for Grid Impact Studies
Transmission Grid
The main grid of Bartica has an installed overall capacity of slightly more
than 2 MW. The main grid is isolated, therefore all active power balancing
tasks have to be executed by this system.
It is proposed to establish a transmission grid in Bartica which should
operate at 34.5kV and consists of four (4) main load centres as follow:
1. Central Bartica 5 MW
2. Mongreppo, Bydarabo, Agatash -2.5 MW
3. 4-mile 750 kW
4. 5-mile 750 kW

As a result of the 40km transmission line between Ikuribisi Hydro Power


Plant and the main generation dispatch centre the voltage level to
transmit 2MW of electric power should not be less than 34.5kV

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Seite 25

Potential Issues and


Recommendations for Grid Impact
Studies
With the expected penetration level of renewable energy into
the isolated Bartica grid, frequency instability would become
an issue especially as the demand exponentially increases.
Careful planning and design, especially with regard to an
optimized coordinated control of PV, diesel generation,
hydroelectric generation and biomass which will allow for
maximizing the use of renewable in general.

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Seite 26

Objectives and Contents of


Proposed Studies
Based on scenarios being worked out, the following grid studies are
recommended:
1.

Perform studies relating to active power balancing in Bartica Grid, which


determines the residual load for various renewable energy scenarios.

2.

Compare various parameters (variability, predictability, rate of change)


of the residual load with the actual load.

3.

Identify the required additional reserve power under various operating


conditions for various renewable energy scenarios.

4.

Determine concepts for solar, hydro and


minimizing additional reserve requirements.

5.

Perform short-term frequency stability studies, examining:

6.

Impact of increasing penetration of PV, Hydro and Biomass generation


on system inertia and frequency performance as a result of various
system contingencies

7.

Impact on primary frequency control

8.

Performance requirements for renewable energy plants and diesel


power plant as it relates to the short-term performance (inertia) and
impact on primary frequency control.

biomass

forecast

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Seite 27

for

Stability
Voltage stability studies
The impact of planned renewable energy sources on voltage
stability limits is critical, especially from the Ikuribisi hydro
power plant with the 40km transmission. Assessments should
be performed with load variation studies for possible reactive
reinforcements.

Transient stability studies


Dynamic simulation studies should be performed for assessing
the impact of the planned renewable energy plants on critical
fault clearing times and transient stability constraints on the
transmission corridors.

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Seite 28

Summary and
Recommendations
A.

The main grid of Bartica consists of 13.8kV and 4.16 kV


distribution networks having an installed capacity of around 2
MW and no connections to any other power grids.

B. There is potential for implementing power generation from


renewable energies (PV, Hydro and Biomass Power Plants).
C. As a result of the relatively small size of the overall system, a
moderate use of the available renewable energy potential for
electricity production would lead to fairly high penetration
levels. Therefore, it is very important to realize studies
relating to active power balancing, frequency stability issues
and reactive compensation.
D. In addition, there will be 40km long transmission line in the
proposed main transmission grid of Bartica. This will certainly
require stability studies, especially transient and voltage
stability studies. These studies must be realized at the
planning and design stage.
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Seite 29

Risks
Technology risk learning curves; experience
Legal risk national laws; effectiveness
Country risk credit rating;
Utility risk balance sheet; operating record
Governance risk transparency; balancing
interests; recourse
Regulatory risk independence; predictability

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Seite 30

Contact details for the CARICOM / REETA


team

Dr. Devon Gardner PM CARICOM Energy Unit


devon.gardner@caricom.org
Dr. Andreas Taeuber Head of REETA Project
andreas.taeuber@giz.de
Ken Aldonza Sustainable Energy Project Officer
ken.aldonza@giz.de
Mr. Glynn Morris Energy Advisor
glynn.morris@giz.de
Ms. Anja Schwerin Capacity Development Advisor, (Dominican
Republic)
anja.schwerin@giz.de
Mr. Nigel Duncan Project Assistant
nigel.duncan@giz.de
Mr. Ruediger Fleck Integrated Expert at CNE, Dominican Republic
ruediger.fleck@cimonline.de
Mr. Henrik Personn Renewable Energy Expert
hpersonn@caribbeanclimate.bz
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Seite 31

Renewable Energy Sources in


Bartica

Photovoltaic Resource
It is proposed that the integration of solar energy be realized in a
phase manner over a period of three (3) years as follow:
1.
2.
3.

At the end of year 1-1 MWp


At the end of year 3 an additional 0.5 MWp
At the end of year 9 an additional 1.5 MWp totaling 3 MWp

Hydro Electric Power Resource


A hydroelectric source which has a potential of generating 2 MW of electricity was
identified in the Ikuribisi river. The hydro project schedule is expected as follow:
1.
At the end of the 3rd year 1 MW
2.
At the end of the 5th year- additional 1 MW totaling 2 MW

Biomass
It is proposed to develop a 2.8 MW biomass generating system using boilers and
steam turbines. The location of such facility is yet to be determined. However, it
is expected that generation commences at the end of the 5 th year of the project.

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Seite 32

Description of Bartica
Bartica is located 80 km upstream from the mouth of the
Essequibo River at the confluence of the Essequibo and Cuyuni
rivers.
The town has approximately 20,000 people and is known as the
gateway to the interior because roads link this town with large
areas of the interior.
(to be updated / confirmed) The road going south from Bartica to
the Bartica Airstrip and the Quarries at Teperu on the right bank of
the Mazaruni River connects with the motorised pontoon crossing
to Itaballi on the left bank and this is the jumping off point for
roads/trails leading to the Mazaruni, Puruni and Cuyuni mining
areas.
The road from Bartica going south to Allsopp Point connects to the
trails leading to Issano, the Potaro, Winneperu and Sherima
Crossing.
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Seite 33

Key principles

Energy efficiency getting more done (or


the same done) with less energy (doing
more with less)
Renewable energy increasing the
proportion of more sustainable energy in
the primary energy mix
On-site generation / conversion
increasing the proportion of primary
energy which is sourced on (or near the
site)
Energy management metering,
feedback and planning.
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Seite 34

Energy / resource flows


Energy in:

Energy services / efficiency /


conservation

Determine actual energy service needs

Reduce demand through energy efficiency

solar / wind / hydro /


geothermal
Organic matter (food /
biomass / wood /
charcoal)
Grid electricity (coal /
nuclear / diesel)
Bottled or piped gas
Liquid fuels (petrol /
diesel / paraffin)
Candles
Electro-chemical energy
stored in batteries

Energy recycled / optimised on site:

Organic matter (food / biomass / wood)

Heat

Energy out:

Electricity

Biogas

Heat (in water)

Waste / emissions
out:

Exhaust gases

Ash / particulates

Noise / vibrations
Spills / leaks
Used batteries

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Seite 35

Funding and financing models


Governme
nt of
Guyana

Developm
ent
Finance
Institution

Equity
investor 1
Invest
ment
loan
Project
company /
IPP

Equity
investor 2

Shareh
older
invest
ment
PPA

Guyana
Power &
Light

EPC
contra
ct

O&M
contra
ct

Fuel
contra
ct

EPC
Contractor

O&M
Contractor

Fuel
supplier

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Seite 36

The energy services supply chain


Resource
Energy
resour
ce
(Harve
sting)

Prim
ary
ener
gy
Ene
rgy
stor
age

Utility

Customer

Transmissio
n
Energy
Energy
Ene
convers/distributioconver
rgy
n
ion
sion
carr
(Gener
(Appli
ier
Ene
Ene
ation)
ance)
rgy
rgy
stor
stor
age
age

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Ener
gy
serv
ice

Seite 37

Example of an energy service supply


chain for thermal comfort (cooling)

Fuel

Genera
tor

Electric
ity
networ
k

Applian
ce

8/29/16

Cool air
for
therma
l
comfor
t

Seite 38

Overall approach for energy

Stakeholder identification and engagement


Population and demographic projections
Economic sectors and projections
Identification of energy service needs
Energy resource assessment and projections
Existing energy infrastructure
Scenarios for energy service provision
Modelling of energy (economic and environmental impacts)
Institutional arrangements
Financial modelling and business plan development
Stakeholder feedback
Decision making
Implementation
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Seite 39

Principles for the plan


Participatory process with key stakeholders
Long term (> 20 years for energy infrastructure)
Maximise local economic development (social,
environmental and economic)
Scenario-based approach for engaging with stakeholders
(see suggested list below)
Iterative process based on assumptions to refine plan
with increasing levels of confidence in data and
mandates
Technical rigour using modelling (
http://homerenergy.com/software.html and
https://energypedia.info/wiki/VRE_Discussion_Series )
Transparency for good governance and maximised buy-in

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Seite 40

Business model(s)
Standard electricity service customers
Households
Businesses
Public services
Premium energy service customers
ESCO customers (including non-electricity
services)
Net billing / net metering customers (mostly
solar PV)
IPPs (procuring new capacity and energy)
O&M services (for customers systems)
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Seite 41

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