Chapter 24

Magnetic
Fields and
Forces

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PowerPoint Lectures for

College Physics: A Strategic Approach, Second Edition

24 Magnetic Fields and Forces

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Discovering Magnetism

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The Magnetic Field

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Mapping Out the Magnetic Field Using Iron Filings

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Mapping Out the Field of a Bar Magnet

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Drawing Field Lines of a Bar Magnet

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Magnetic Fields Produced by Bar Magnets

A single bar magnet

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A single bar magnet

(closeup)

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Magnetic Fields Produced by Bar Magnets

Two bar magnets,
unlike poles facing

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Two bar magnets,

like poles facing

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Checking Understanding

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Checking Understanding

Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.

B
A
D
E

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Magnetic Fields Around Us

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Electric Currents Also Create Magnetic Fields

A long, straight
wire

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A current loop

A solenoid

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The Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying

Wire

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Representing Vectors and Currents That Are

Perpendicular to the Page

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Checking Understanding
Point P is 5 cm above the wire as you look straight down at it.
In which direction is the magnetic field at P?

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Answer
Point P is 5 cm above the wire as you look straight down at it.
In which direction is the magnetic field at P?

D.

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Drawing Field Vectors and Field Lines of a

Current-Carrying Wire

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The Magnitude of the Field Due to a Long,

Straight, Current-Carrying Wire

0 permeabilityconstant 1.257 10 6 T m/A

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Checking Understanding
The magnetic field at point P is zero. What are the magnitude and
direction of the current in the lower wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

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10 A to the right.
5 A to the right.
2.5 A to the right.
10 A to the left.
5 A to the left.

Slide 24-31

Answer
The magnetic field at point P is zero. What are the magnitude and
direction of the current in the lower wire?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

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10 A to the right.
5 A to the right.
2.5 A to the right.
10 A to the left.
5 A to the left.

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Drawing a Current Loop

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The Magnetic Field of a Current Loop

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Checking Understanding
The diagram below shows a current loop perpendicular to the page;
the view is a slice through the loop. The direction of the current in
the wire at the top and the bottom is shown. What is the direction of
the magnetic field at a point in the center of the loop?

A.
B.
C.
D.

To the left
Up
To the right
Down

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Answer
The diagram below shows a current loop perpendicular to the page;
the view is a slice through the loop. The direction of the current in
the wire at the top and the bottom is shown. What is the direction of
the magnetic field at a point in the center of the loop?

A.
B.
C.
D.

To the left
Up
To the right
Down

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Checking Understanding
The diagram below shows slices through two adjacent current
loops. Think about the force exerted on the loop on the right due to
the loop on the left. The force on the right loop is directed

A.
B.
C.
D.

to the left.
up.
to the right.
down.

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Answer
The diagram below shows slices through two adjacent current
loops. Think about the force exerted on the loop on the right due to
the loop on the left. The force on the right loop is directed

A.
B.
C.
D.

to the left.
up.
to the right.
down.

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The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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Checking Understanding
What is the direction of the current in this solenoid, as viewed from
the top?

A.
B.

Clockwise
Counterclockwise

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Answer
What is the direction of the current in this solenoid, as viewed from
the top?

A. Clockwise
B. Counterclockwise

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The Magnetic Field of a Current Loop

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The Magnetic Field Inside a Solenoid

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Example Problems
A physics instructor is creating a demonstration that shows the
direction of the field at the center of a current loop. He takes a
cardboard form 25 cm in diameter and wraps 20 turns of wire
around it in a tight loop. He wants the field at the loops center to
be at least 10 times as large as the magnetic field of the earth,
so that a compass will pivot convincingly to point in the direction
of the field from the loop. How much current is needed to provide
this field?
An investigator needs a uniform 30 mT field, which she intends to
produce with a solenoid. She takes a long 10-cm-diameter tube
and wraps wire along the length of it, wrapping 1200 turns of wire
along a 75-cm length of the tube. How much current must she
pass through the wire to produce the desired field?

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Example Problem
What is the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at point
P, at the center of the loop?

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The Force on a Charged Particle Moving in a

Magnetic Field

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The Right-Hand Rule for Forces

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Paths of Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields

mv
r
qB

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The Mass Spectrometer

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Magnetic Fields Exert Forces on Currents

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Example Problem
A 10-cm length of wire carries a current of 3.0 A. The wire is in
uniform field as in the diagram below. What is the magnitude and
direction of the force on this segment of wire?

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Forces between Currents

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Forces between Current Loops

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A Current Loop Acts like a Bar Magnet

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Magnetic Fields Exert Torques on Current Loops

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The Torque on a Dipole in a Magnetic Field

(IA)Bsin

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The Electric Motor

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Electron Magnetic Moments: Ferromagnetism

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Inducing a Magnetic Moment in a Piece of Iron

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Summary

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Summary

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Additional Questions
1. A loop carrying a current as shown rests in a uniform
magnetic field directed to the right. If the loop is free to rotate,

A. it will rotate clockwise.

B. it will not rotate.
C. it will rotate counterclockwise.

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Answer
1. A loop carrying a current as shown rests in a uniform
magnetic field directed to the right. If the loop is free to rotate,

A. it will rotate clockwise.

B. it will not rotate.
C. it will rotate counterclockwise.

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Additional Example
As ships move in the earths magnetic field, the field exerts a
force on the charges in the metal body of the ship. Positive and
negative charges feel a force in opposite directions, so a
potential difference can result. A tanker is moving due west
through the North Atlantic, where the earths field points nearly
vertically downward. Is there a potential difference between the
sides of the ship? If so, is the north side positive or negative?

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