Catchall Routing to Inter-Carrier Gateway

CR SMSC_2002_175
RN SMSC_V04_61_012
RN SMSC_V05_01_011

The Catchall Routing Functionality

The introduction of North

American number portability and
interconnect for North American
network operators requires the
SMSC to perform routing
towards the inter-carrier
gateways to deliver messages to
ported-out numbers
The Catchall Routing capability
allows that if the routing
requests towards the own
network HLR (one or more
networks / teleservices) fail, the
SMSC should then pass on the
message to one of the intercarrier gateways.

GSM network

TDMA network

SMSC

Gateway LA

GSM network

TDMA network

SMSC

Implementation

Catchall Routing is the conditional variant of Recipient Address

Range Routing (RARR).
The operator can assign both a network type (GSM, TDMA or
CDMA) and a gateway LA to a recipient address range.
The operator can configure per network type network errors that
will cause the message to be forwarded to the gateway LA.
A default catchall gateway can be configured for the messages
that do not match any of the configured recipient address ranges.
SSD determines the gateway LA on submission and fills it in the
new MRGW IDI field (Message Recipient Gateway).
SMH forwards the message to MRGW in case delivery attempts
for MRAD on all configured PLMN interfaces return MSTA 0x15.

Catchall Routing and Notifications

Notifications that are generated by the SMSC can also be

forwarded to a gateway by Catchall Routing.
For a submitted message that requests notifications, SSD
determines also a catchall gateway for the notification address
and fills it in the new NRGW IDI field (Notification Recipient
Gateway).
Any notification of the message that is generated by the SMH will
be forwarded to NRGW in case the delivery attempts for NRAD
on all configured PLMN interfaces return MSTA 0x15.
Normally two notifications are generated:
a non-delivery notification for the failed attempt on the local network;
a delivery notification for the delivery to the gateway LA.

Catchall Routing and Multimode / IR

In a multimode SMSC that has the Intelligent Retry scheme

configured, Catchall Routing is seen as the last resort for that
scheme.
Forwarding to the gateway LA takes place after the message is
tried on all configured PLMN interfaces and they all triggered a
delivery attempt on the next network type.
The same SMSC-internal network error that triggers the delivery
to a next network type triggers the forwarding to the gateway LA
(MSTA = 0x15)

Catchall Routing and SubscriberBased Forwarding

Unconditional forwarding is applied before Catchall Routing.
Catchall Routing is applicable on the forwarded message using the
forwarding address to determine the gateway LA.

Conditional forwarding is applied before Catchall Routing.

Catchall Routing is applicable on the forwarded message using the
forwarding address to determine the gateway LA.

Switched conditional forwarding is a applied before Catchall Routing.

Catchall Routing is applicable on the forwarded message using the
original recipient address to determine the gateway LA.

Last resort forwarding is applied after Catchall Routing.

The message is forwarded to the last resort address if, after forwarding
it to the gateway, the retry scheme for the LA is exhausted.

Logging and Billing

SMH forwards the message to the gateway using the same
mechanism as conditional forwarding
A copy of the message is generated for the gateway address;
The message itself is removed with MSTA=0x7 (NOT_DEL_PERS).

Prepaid billing
The additional service Conditional Forwarding is charged;
The failed service is refunded;
In principle the charged party for the forwarding is the failed recipient
address;
Exception: forwarding of the notification is charged to the originator of
the original message.

Configuration Overview
Switching Catchall Routing On and Off
attribute CATCHALL_ROUTING_ENABLED of class SSD_COMON
attribute RECIPIENT_ADDR_ROUTING_R of class SMSC_COMON
attribute MAX_RANGE_ENTRIES of class SSD_COMON

Assignment of gateways to address ranges

database table RANGE
file SSD_CATCHALL_RANGES.CNF (patchable implementation only)
attribute READ_CATCHALL_RANGES of class SSD

Default catchall gateway

attribute CATCHALL_DEFAULT_LASN of class SSD_COMMON

Network error mapping to trigger Catchall Routing

files PPL_NERR.TXT, PCDMA_NERR.TXT, TDMA_NERR.TXT

Configuration for the Patch

The RANGE database contains the total set of ranges.
The RANGE record fields:
RANGE <start address>-<end address>
TYP_RANGE

{MOBILE,SHORT_NUMBER}

ROUTING_TYPE
ROUTING

{LA,GSM,TDMA,CDMA}

<LASN>

The RANGE record constraints:

(ROUTING_TYPE in{GSM,TDMA,CDMA}) => (ROUTING = 0)

The SSD_CATCHALL_RANGES.CNF file contains the subset of

catchall ranges, i.e. the ranges for which RARR is conditional.
The CATCHALL_RANGES record:
RANGE <start address>-<end address>
ROUTING

<LASN>

Configuration for the Release

The RANGE database contains the whole range mapping

The RANGE record has an additional field:
RANGE

<start address>-<end address>

TYP_RANGE

{MOBILE,SHORT_NUMBER}

ROUTING_TYPE

{LA,GSM,TDMA,CDMA}

ROUTING

<LASN>

CONDITIONAL

{TRUE,FALSE}

The following RANGE record constraint is removed:

(ROUTING_TYPE in{GSM,TDMA,CDMA}) => (ROUTING = 0)

The SSD_CATCHALL_RANGES.CNF file is obsolete

The attribute READ_CATCHALL_RANGES of class SSD is obsolete

Troubleshooting

SSD trace
No catchall range routing performed
Message recipient gateway 5383
Message recipient gateway 5383 not found
Notification recipient gateway 5383
Notification recipient gateway 5383 not found

SMH trace
IR: forwarding to FWAD
IR: forwarding to MRGW
IR: forwarding to NRGW

Example Message Flow

DIWPLMN

SMH00

SIW

SMH01

SIWSMPP

SUBS / ACKS
DELS / ACKM(0x15)
SUBR / ACKR
DELN / ACKM(0x15)

DELS / ACKM(0x4)
SUBN / ACKN
SUBN / ACKN

DELN / ACKM(0x15)

DELS / ACKM(0x4)
SUBN / ACKN
DELS / ACKM(0x4)