ANATOMI SISTEM PENGLIHATAN

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H e a r i n g

14

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ANATOMY OF THE
EAR

16

EAR ANATOMY
Ossicles

Semicircular
canals

External
auditory
canal

Cochlea
Auditory
tube

Tympanic
membrane
Pinna
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Middle Ear Anatomy

Incus

Stapes
attached to
oval window
Cochlea

Malleus

Tympanic
membrane

Auditory tube

Tensor
tympani
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INNER EAR
(INTERNAL EAR)

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SECTION THROUGH
COCHLEA
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear
duct
Hair
cells
Scala
tympani

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Frequency Response Of The Cochlea

Base of cochlea
responds to HIGH
frequency sounds

Apex of cochlea responds

to LOW frequency
sounds
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THE ORGAN OF CORTI

Hair cell
(receptor)

Tectorial membrane

Sensory
neurons

Basilar
membrane

Support
cell
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FUNCTION OF HAIR CELLS ORGAN OF CORTI

Receptor potential

Excitation

Inhibition

When deformed, hair cells change the rate of

neurotransmitter release which then effects the number
of action potentials generated by the sensory neuron.
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HEARING:- LOCATION OF THE ORGAN OF CORTI

Stereocilia (hairs) of receptor cells from

the Organ of Corti
24

http://www.urc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/index.htm

HEARING:- LOCATION OF THE ORGAN OF CORTI

Cochlear
duct

The Organ of Corti is located in the cochlear duct

http://www.urc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/index.htm

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CONDUCTION OF SOUND
WAVES

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Jalur Pendengaran

Sel rambut saraf spiralis corti

nukleus koklearis dorsalis & ventralis

berjalan menyilang ke nukleus olivarius
superior nukleus lemnikus lateral
kollikulus inferior nukleus genikulatum
medial korteks auditori

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Middle Ear Function

Ossicles
vibrate

Sound waves
induce movement
of tympanic
membrane

Stapes vibrates
against oval
window
Pressure waves
cause the round
window to bulge

The ossicles transfer sound induced vibrations from the

outer ear to the inner ear.
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http://www.babyhearing.org/HearingAmplification/HearingLoss/earworks.asp

Taste
(Gustation)

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STRUCTURE OF TASTE
RECEPTORS Taste Bud

Chemorecepto
r cell
Sustentacular
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BASIC TASTE
SENSATION

Bitter
Sour
Salty
Sweet
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Impuls pengecap dari lidah saraf-saraf

kranial N.V,VII,IX,X traktus solitarius

lemnikus medial talamus operkula insular
impuls kemudian akan bersama-sama di
transmisikan ke glandula
submandibularis,sublingualis, parotis untuk
mensekresikan saliva selama proses
penelanan makanan

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Transmisi sinyal pengecap ke

sistem saraf pusat

2/3 anterior lidah N.VII Fasialis (rasa

manis,asam dan asin)

N.V Trigeminus sensorik lidah
Posterior lidah N.IX Glosofaringeus (Rasa
Pahit)
N.X N. Vagus sensorik lidah (Reflek
Muntah)
N.XII hypoglosus pergerakan lidah

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SISTEM PENGHIDUAN
SISTEM PENGHIDUAN

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STRUCTURE OF OLFACTORY
RECEPTORS

Roof of nasal cavity

Olfactory epithelium
Epithelium consist 3 type of cells:
> (1) receptor cell
> (2) sustentacular cell
> (3) basal cell
30 days lifetime
25 million cells (dog: 220 million)
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Indera penciuman

Membran olfaktori di rongga hidung

sel olfaktori (sel bipolar) silia olfaktori

(Menonjol ke mukosa hidung)
Silia berikatan dengan protein reseptor
mengaktivasi protein G mengaktivasi
molekul adenil siklase pembentukan
cAMP membuka saluran ion Natrium
di dalam sitoplasma reseptor lebih positif
depolarisasi Nervus olfaktorius
Bulbus olfaktorius traktus olfaktorius
Primary olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)
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