Software Defined Radio

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
Technology Overview
ELITEX 2008
New Delhi 18th Jan 08
Simon Zachariah
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

TRIVANDRUM
BROADCAST & COMMUNICATIONS
GROUP, CDAC TRIVANDRUM
Sep 4, 2016
SDR - DEFINITION
Radio that provides software control of a variety of
modulation techniques, wideband or narrowband
operation, communication security functions and
waveform requirements of current and evolving
standards over a broad frequency range.
The radio waveform personality can be reconfigured
through software
Multi-band,Multi-standard,Multi-service,Multi-channel
Sep 4, 2016
BROADCAST & COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, CDAC
TRIVANDRUM
SDR EXPLAINED
Hardware Radio
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Software Defined Radio
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DUAL MODE RADIO
Software
GSM
Chipset
CDMA
chipset
Hardware
Micro controller
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RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO
Processing Engine
RF to Digital
DSP
FPGA
FPGA
Software
Hardware
Micro controller
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SDR KEY BENEFITS
A single Hardware for Multi-standard, multiband

and multifunctional Wireless Systems
Software Upgrade for add on functionalities
Higher levels of software reusability
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Customization of a single generic hardware for

diverse needs
Lower costs to meet new user demands
Lower time to market new terminals
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SDR ADVANTAGES
Complete Base band processing digital Reconfigurable
Software upgrading of commercial radios Future proof
Generic hardware can be used for a variety of applications
Inventory
Software prototyping faster and cheaper than hardware
prototyping Time to market
Libraries of software radio components are easily created
and shared Reuse
Digital processing of signals is ideal, unencumbered by the
non-linearities that plague analog hardware-Reliability
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SDR ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

Why SDR took so long to happen?
ADC : the single most demanding performance
DAC : similar to ADC requirements
DDC / DUC : (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded DSP
functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability
FPGAs: Embedded DSP functionalities
DSP : meet computational requirements of base band processing
Host Processor : OE, Protocol stacks, MMI, system controls
Operating System S/W and F/W
Broadband RF Front End
Smart Antennas
Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) in Base Stations
These enabling technologies had to mature
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SDR USER SEGMENTS

Civil wireless
Military
PMR
Diverse Waveforms and Form Factors, Emerging standards,
User wish-lists often from LF to microwave! And AM, FM . GSM
. CDMA Bluetooth and (sigh!) ends up today with WiMax.
Success lies in judicious user-segmentation and application
Power consumption is still a problem
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SDR MILITARY DRIVE

The US DoD -Speak Easy Projects
JTRS Waveforms and Form Factors
The Software Communication
Architecture
H/W interoperability S/W portability
Custom waveforms
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WAVEFORM DEFINITION
All processes between the signal source
and antenna
Also referred to as Air Interface
FM, Havequick, Link16, TETRA.. All have
specific waveforms
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COGNITIVE RADIO
IEEE A radio that is aware of its environment and
internal state and alter its behaviour based on the
information and predefined objective
CR is designed to intelligently detect whether a
particular segment of the radio spectrum is
currently in use, and to jump into (and out of, as
necessary) the temporarily-unused spectrum very
rapidly, without interfering with the transmissions of
other authorized users.
CR can run on a hardware radio or SDR
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SDR HARDWARE..
Digital Signal Processing replaces several analog
hardware stages of traditional radios
Analog front-end still required:
Digital-analog conversion, DAC/ADC
RF, IF Filtering
Mixing IF RF
Amplification
Antennas
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SOFTWARE RADIO
If the Radio Space has only a few signals in LF/HF

No ADC exists with the bandwidth and resolution
required (sampling speed & no: of bits) to cope with the
dynamic range
With todays technology, how close to the antenna the
ADC/DAC can be placed?
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SDR-HARDWARE ARCHITECHTURE
OE, PROTOCOLS, MMI
Information
output
DSP / FPGA
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Digital
UpConverter
Digital
Q DownConverter
Wideband
DAC
Wideband
ADC
IF
IF
Multiba
nd
Antenna
RF
upconverter
RF Power
amplifier
RF
downconverter
RF
low-noise
amplifier
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Antenna switching system
Information
input
GPP
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SDR-SOFTWARE ARCHITECHTURE
Capable of ensuring the important SDR features
An open architecture
Allows third party waveform/component development
Standardised procedure for Loading and Control of

software modules
Should be one relying on proven technologies
shorter development time
SCA from JTRS meets these criteria, natural choice
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SOFTWARE COMMUNICATION
ARCHITECTURE-SCA
The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is a
US DoD (Department of Defense)defined framework
standard that specifies rules on how to develop, deploy,
and configure Software Defined Radio (SDR).
The main goal of the SCA is to reduce cost and
increase interoperability in SDRs.
SCA is being adopted worldwide as a standard for
military radios. It is expected that future global
programmable radios in other fields, such as public
safety, will adopt the SCA.
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WHAT SCA CAN DO!

SCA specifies an architecture for
component portability,
inter-changeability, and
software reuse, and
architecture scalability
of communication platforms
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SCA ARCITECTURE
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SCA-RADIO COMPOSITION
Application Factory
Device manager
Keep track
of HW in
the system
Manage
collection of
resources to
create
waveform
File System Manager

Store working
environment, bit
images,
properties, etc.
Application
Manage waveform operation
Resources
Devices
Boot up and
maintain HW
Capabilities e.g.,
Start and stop,
test, describe
Domain Manager
Keep track of
whats there
(installed)
Sep 4, 2016
Port
Connections
between resources
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DIT - SDR PROJECT WITH CDAC

Build SDR development capability in the country
Develop a proto type to demonstrate basic features of SDR
Emphasis is to demonstrate SDR features with limited

Features of the selected waveforms
Separate projects under taken for digital radio development
Standards Compliance is not intended
Bring synergy among various Govt. agencies in the

country who are involved in SDR activities
Joint development with SAMEER
Close interaction with WESEE, DEAL & CAIR
Close interaction with user community (Army & Navy)
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NEED FOR INDIGENOUS SDR

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
High IPR content
Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons
The technology of tomorrows Wireless
Military and Commercial interest
Success of 3G and beyond depends heavily on SDR
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CDAC IN RETROSPECT
CDAC
IS ANPRODUCTS
SDR FORUM MEMBER
CDAC
TETRA
Portable BS-4U
1U=44.43mm
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CDAC SDR PROJECT - GENESIS
Sep 4, 2016
SDR Study Report

2004
Study Report Review
2005
DIT Initiatives on SDR Mission Project
2005
Joint Proposal by CDAC & SAMEER
2006
Proposal review and approval by WG
Jan 2007
Administrative approval received
April 2007
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CDAC SDR PROJECT SCOPE
Sep 4, 2016
COTS Development Platform

Own H/W Platform
Two Reconfigurable Waveforms
One PMR TETRA
One Military Legacy Radio Stars V
SCA Compliant
More Waveforms to follow
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SDR DREAM
Dream is not what you see in sleep.It
is the thing which does not let you sleep.
Dr. A P J Kalam
Today CDAC have an SDR Dream and plans to
fulfill it through a well defined SDR technology
development roadmap
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CDAC-simon@cdactvm.in
DIT- bmbaveja@mit.gov.in
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SDR-IMPORTANT REFERENCES
1. Software Defined Radio:Origins,Drivers and International Perspectives
By Tuttlebee
2. Software Defined Radio:Enabling Technologies By Tuttlebee
3. Software Defined Radio- Selected Readings By Mitola and Zvonar
4. Software Defined Radio for 3G By Paul Burns
4. SDR study Report
By C-DAC (www.mit.gov.in)
5. SDR Forum web site www.sdrforum.org
PRESENATION REFENCE: INFORMATION FROM SDR FORUM
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Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

BROADCAST & COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, CDAC