Todays Objective: SOL 3.

d
Given

information and/or
diagrams on cellular respiration,
write and/or identify the cellular
respiration equation, raw
materials, products, and sites.

Cellular Respiration
Energy for lifes activities

Overview of Cellular Respiration

The

life processes of all organisms

require energy.
The potential energy held in the bonds
of food molecules CANNOT be used
directly by the cell.
Energy from food must be converted to
the ONLY energy source that cells can
use ATP!

Cellular Respiration
Respiration

is the process by which the

energy in the bonds of nutrients are
used to synthesize ATP.
Respiration occurs continuously in all
cells of all organisms.

Anaerobic Respiration
Also

called fermentation
No oxygen is present
1 Glucose only partially broken down to
form waste products and 2 ATP

Anaerobic Pathways
Glucose

2 lactic acid + 2 ATP

Happens in muscle cells when they run out

of oxygen
Happens in bacteria that make yogurt,
cheese, dill pickles
Glucose

2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

Happens in some bacteria

Happens in YEAST

Aerobic Respiration
Has

to have oxygen
VERY EFFICIENT
Most organisms on earth are aerobic
1 glucose completely broken down to
carbon dioxide and water.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E

Aerobic Pathway
Takes

place mostly in mitochondria

3 primary steps:
Glycolysis in cytoplasm: produces
pyruvate and 2 net ATP (anaerobic)
Krebs cycle in matrix of mitochondria:
converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA (aerobic)
Electron transport chain on membrane of
mitochondria: moves electrons to produce
34 ATP (aerobic)

Comparing Aerobic & Anaerobic

Cellular Respiration Pathways
Aerobic (needs Anaerobic
oxygen)
(no oxygen)
Occurs in:

Most
organisms

Mostly yeast
and bacteria

1 glucose
makes:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O Ethanol + CO2

or lactic acid

Net ATP
production:

36

Adaptations for Respiration

Bacteria,

protists & fungi

Respiratory gases are exchanged by

diffusion
Plants

Respiratory gases are exchanged through

leaves, stems, and roots
Moves in and out of cells by diffusion but
leaves and stems also have openings to
the environment (stomata and lenticels)

Adaptations for Respiration in

Animals
Techniques

vary:

Simple diffusion across cell membranes

Diffusion across moist skin into a
circulatory system
Openings to the environment that can be
flapped open and closed with a circulatory
system to transport gases
Specialized respiratory structures (e.g.
lungs) to speed exchange of respiratory
gases