CORRECTION FOR THE SELF-SHIELDING

EFFECT ON THE CALIBRATION OF WELLTYPE GAMMA DETECTORS

SEMINAR PREPARED BY
KHAWLA FARAG MILAD

GAMMA RAYS

An electromagnetic wave occupies the high-energy

part of spectrum along with x-ray,
Has a widespread application in all fields of life
Cannot be perceived by human beings or detected
directly by a devise,
Yet propagation of gamma rays within matter is
associated with the creation of ionized pairs as
aside effect of interaction of the photon with the
matter.

TYPES OF
INTERACTION OF THE
GAMMA RAYS WITH
THE MATTER

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

A photon vanishes and an electron is ejected from an

atom. The electron carries away all the energy of the
absorbed photon, minus the energy binding the
electron to the atom

COMPTON INCOHERENT SCATTERING

An interaction process in which a photon is scattered

by a free electron. the incident photon scattered with
scattering angle () with energy less energy.

PAIR PRODUCTION

The photon energy threshold for the disappearance of

a photon in the field of a bare nucleus and creation of
an electronpositron pair is 1.022 MeV.

RAYLEIGH COHERENT SCATTERING

An interaction process in which a photon is scattered by

a firmly bound atomic electron. the incident photon
scattered with scattering angle () has essentially the
same energy as the original photon.

SELF-SHIELDING

Self-shielding in volumetric samples can be very

significant when detecting low energy photons
where absorption coefficients are relatively high.
Therefore a correction to the detection efficiency
becomes necessary.
The aim of this work is :
studying the self-shielding phenomena in
cylindrical sources to be measured in well-type
detectors

correcting for the self-shielding effect on the

calibration of well-type gamma detectors