Personality

&
Lifestyle

Presented By:
Izharulhaq
Junaid akram
Shazad awan
Nabeel ayub
Presented To:
IMRAN IJAZ

061
068
098
106

Personality &
Lifestyles
Is this my reality or my
perception thereof?

Achiever group

Outline

Personality defined
Freudian Theory
Neo-Freudian Theory
Trait Theory
Innie and Outie
Personality Traits

What is the personality

Same but Different

In some ways we are all the same. We all
have the same human nature. We share a
common humanity. We all have the human
bodies and human minds.
Yet in other ways we are all completely
different and unique. No two people are
truly alike. No two people can ever have the
same experience in life.

Personality
Personality is about our different ways
of being human. How we are variations
on the same themes. Different styles of
thinking, feeling and acting is known as
personality.

 Every person is unique having particular characteristics.

Human personality is an interesting blend of behaviour
and characteristics.
In fact everybody likes to admire people who have
great personality regardless of age, sex and financial
status.
Possessing great personality might help you to reach
ultimate goal

Freudian
Theory

Trait Theory

Non Freudian
Theories

Personality and Freudian Theory

Primitive Drive

Reality

Beliefs - Morals, Ethics

Freudian Systems
Id:
Immediate
Gratification
Pleasure
Principle:
To maximize
pleasure and
avoid pain

Ego:
Mediator

Superego:
System that
internalizes
societys rules

ID
Id: Meeting Basic Needs.
The id is the most important part of personality. In id if the needs
and wants are not met, a person become tense.
Examples:
1) Sally was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the servant to refill her
glass of water, she reached across the table and drank from Mr.
Smiths water glass, much to his surprise.
2) A hungry baby cried until he was fed.
3) In the line of the salad bar, Amy was so hungry that she shoved a
hand full of croutons in her mouth as she waited for the line to
move.

Ego
Ego: Dealing with Reality.
The ego deals with the reality, trying to meet the needs of the id.
The ego recognizes that other people have wants and desired
too.
Examples:
1) Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her servant would be
back soon to refill her water glass, so she waited until then to get
a drink, even through she really just wanted to drink from Mr.
Smiths glass.
2) In the line of the salad bar, Amy really wanted to shove a hand full
of croutons into her mouth. However, since her boss was there,
she decided to wait another minute or two until she sat down to
eat.

Super Ego
Super Ego: adding Morals.
The super ego develops last, and is based on morals and
judgments about right and wrong.
Examples:
1) Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work and no
one would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was
wrong, so she decided not to take anything even through she
would probably never get caught,
2) The cashier only charged the couple for one meal even through
they had eaten two. They could have gotten away with only
paying for one, but they pointed out the cashiers mistake and
offered to pay for both meals. They wanted to be honest.

Carl Jung
1875-1961
Hated school
Liked Astrology,
Spiritualism, and
Synchronicity

Carl Jung- Personality (3)

1. Ego: Conscious Mind- carried
out normal activities
2. Personal Unconscious includes
both memories and
those that have been suppressed unique
to each person

Carl Jung- Personality (3)

3. Collective Unconscious: A knowledge
we
are all born with but not conscious of (it is
passed down)
Influences our emotional experiences
Example: Love at 1st sight, dj vu

Collective Unconscious
Contents are called archetypes
Inherited tendency to experience
or respond to
things or situations in a certain way
Examples: Tendencies of people
to believe in God,
a Devil, evil spirits and heroes, and
to have a fear
of the dark and snakes

5 Archetypes
Persona
The public face one shows
to the world
A mask to make an
impression on others and
to conceal the true nature
of the individual
Consistent with the roles
people play and that help
them to function socially

5 Archetypes
Shadow
Represents the negative
side of the personality
All of the unpleasant
qualities we like to hide
Denying it, gives it more
power
Qualities we condemn
the most in others, may
be lurking in our own
shadow

Karen Horney

Developed the concept of

womb envy
Believed that men felt the
need to compensate for their
lack of child bearing abilities
by striving for success in other
areas
Focused on a childs sense of
basic anxiety
Anxiety created when a child
is born into the bigger and
more powerful world of older
children and adults

Karen Horney
Basic Anxiety
Children who receive love, affection, and
security from
their world overcome the anxiety
Children who grow up in a world with less
security and
love develop neurotic personalities (dont know
how
to treat/deal people)
Some people move toward people
Becoming dependent and clingy
Some people move against people
Becoming aggressive, demanding, and cruel
Also withdrawal from personal relationships

Trait Theories

Personality Theories

A trait is what we call a

characteristic way in which
an individual perceives, feels,
believes, or acts.
personality traits are "enduring
patterns of perceiving, relating to, and
thinking about the environment and
oneself that are exhibited in a wide
range of social and personal contexts."

Theorists generally assume

1. Traits are relatively stable over time,
2. Traits differ among individuals
3. Traits are also bipolar and
4. Traits influence behavior.

Three trait theory

In 1936, psychologist
Gordon Allport found that
one English-language
dictionary alone contained
more than 4,000 words
describing different
personality traits. He
categorized these traits into
three levels.

Three trait theory

Central Traits
Secondary Traits
Cardinal Traits

Universal trait
theory

British psychologist

Hans
Eysenck

HEXACO
model

Cattells
Big five model

Models of Personality
These are the following five models of
personality.
1)Extraversion
2)Agreeableness
3)Conscientiousness
4)Emotional stability
5)Intellect

Innie and Outie

David Reisman: H was the sociologist who

introduces the terms inner-directed and outerdirected.

Innie and Outie: Your belly button! Whether
you end up with an innie and outie is usually a
matter of chance. Most people end up with
innies, but most people have outies. Outies
usually occur when more of the umbilical cord is
left when its cut, leading to more skin left over
once it is dries out.

What is Idiocentrics and

Allocentrics
Idiocentrics: Individuals who have an
individualistic orientation.

Allocentrics: Individuals who have a

group orientations.

Big Five Personality Traits

Extroversion
This trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional
expressiveness.

Sociable, gregarious, and assertive

I love excitement and am a cheerful person

Agreeableness
This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust,
altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors.

Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.

People find me warm and generous and selfless

Conscientiousness
Common features of this dimension include high levels of
thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed
behaviors

Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.

People find me reliable and I keep my house clean
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Emotional Stability

Individuals high in this trait tend to experience

emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability,
and sadness.

calm, self-confident, secure (positive)

versus nervous, depressed, and
insecure (negative).
am very moody I often feel sad and down

Openness to Experience

This trait features characteristics such as

imagination and insight, and those high in this trait
also tend to have a broad range of interests.
I am a very curious person & enjoy challenges

Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and

intellectualism.

Main assumptions of theories

One: that personality traits are relatively stable and
therefore predictable over time
Two: Personality traits are relatively stable across
different situations
Three: trait theories take into account that personality
consists of a number of different traits, and that some
people have more or less of each trait than others
Four: some traits are more closely interrelated than
other traits and tend to occur together

Strengths and Limitations of trait

theories
Provide useful descriptions of personality and
its structure
Provided the foundation of valid and reliable
personality devices
Can lead people to accept and use
oversimplified classifications and descriptions
Underestimate socio-cultural influences on
behaviour

Types of Personality Traits

1. Positive Personality Traits
2. Negative Personality Traits

What we
perceive today