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ITEMS TO BE LOOKED AT;

1. THE CATEGORIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOUNDS


2. VOWELS / VOCOIDS
i.MOVEMENT OF TONGUE
ii.LIP SHAPE
iii.ENGLISH VOWELS

(Monothongs/Diphthongs/Triphthongs)

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The categorization and description of sounds

The sounds can be differentiate by the movement, articulation or touching


of the tongue within the mouth.

It is also accompanied by the lip control.

There is a narrowing or closure of the air-stream in the vocal tract either


narrowing the air-stream or totally preventing it from escape through the
mouth for a while

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)

Vowels/ vocoids are described mainly according to the tongue movement


in the mouth accompanied by the lip shape.

i.

Movement of tongue
* Tongue movement in the articulation of the voice in terms of;
a) Height
- The tongues height within the oral cavity when it moves up and down in
the production of various vocal cords

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


-

The terms used to indicate the four positions referred to


* the gap between the highest point of the tongue and the upper palate
* how low in the lower jaw the tongue moves

The four positions are;


1. Close

/i/ /u/

2. Close-mid

/e/

3. Open Mid/ /
4. Open

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/a:/

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


ii. Degree of retraction
-

Refers to how far front or back the tongue goes within the mouth

The highest part of the tongue varies from the frontal reagent below the
alveolar ridge to the back position of the mouth below the veolar area.

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


-

There are three reagents;


1. Front

/i/ /e/

- The highest point of the tongue is in the far front below the alveolar
reagent)
2. Central

/ /

- The highest point of the tongue is almost halfway and front of the tongue. In the
centre of hard palate.

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


3. Back

/ / /u/

- The highest point is at the back of the oral cavity closer to the velum/ soft

palate.

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


ii. Lip Shape

Along with tongue movements, lip shape and other factors or features are used to
described vowels/ vocoids.
a) Spread position

/ i / / i: /

b) Rounded position

/ // /

c) Neutral position

/ / /a:/

d) Protrudant position

/u/ / u:/

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


The English Vowel/Vocoids (Monopthongs)
- A vowel sound whose quality doesn't change over the duration of the vowel is called a
monophthong.
- Monophthongs are sometimes called "pure" or "stable" vowels
i. / i / as in pill

vii. /

/ as in pot

ii. / i: / as in peel

viii. /

/ as port

iii. / e / as in pen

ix. / u / as in pull

iv. /

x. / u: / as in pool

v. /

/ as in putt

as in pan

vi. / a: / as in part

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xi. / / as in appear
xii. / / as in pearl

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


A vowel sound that glides from one quality to another is called a diphthong
1. / i /

2. / /

3. / u /

/ ei / as in railway

/ / as in serious

/ au / as in doubt

/ ai / as in fried rice

/ / as in declare

/ u / as in overgrow

/ / as in gourmet

/ as in voice

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VOWEL / VOCOIDS (Free Exit of air-stream/No blockage)


A vowel sound that glides successively through three qualities is a triphthong

/ ai /

/ au /

fire

power

employer

riot

shower

foyer

liable

devour

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