Analysis
6-1
6-2
6-3
Primary Types of
Financial Statements
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Ringkasan pendapatan dan biaya
perusahan selama periode tertentu, dan
menunjukkan laba atau rugi bersih untuk
periode tertentu.
6-4
Basket Wonders
Income Statement
Basket Wonders Statement of Earnings (in thousands)
for Year Ending December 31, 19X3a
Net Salesb
$ 2,211 Cost of
Goods Sold
1,599
Gross Profit $
612 SG&A
Expenses c
402
EBITd
$
210
Interest Expensee
59
EBT
$
151 Income
Taxesf
60 EATg
$
91 Cash
Dividends
38
Increase in RE
$
53
6-7
Framework for
Financial Analysis
Trend / Seasonal Component
Analisis :
1.
2.
6-8
3.
Framework for
Financial Analysis
Menunjukkan Kondisi
kesehatan perusahaan
1. Analisis kebutuhan
dana perusahaan.
2. Analisis kondisi keuangan
dan profitabilitas
perusahaan
6-9
Rasio-rasio keuangan
1. Pada saat tertentu
2. Sepanjang tahun
3. Dibandingkan
dengan industri
Framework for
Financial Analysis
6-10
Business risk :
berhubungan dengan
risiko yang tidak dapat
dipisahkan dengan
operasi perusahaan.
Examples:
Volatilitas penjualan
Volatilitas biaya
Kedekatan dengan titik
impas
Framework for
Financial Analysis
1. Analisis kebutuhan
dana perusahaan
Menentukan
kebutuhan
2. . Analisis kondisi keuangan
pendanaan
dan profitabilitas perusahaan
Perusahaan.
3. Analisis risiko usaha
perusahaan.
6-11
Manajer
keuangan
harus
mempertim
bangkan
ketiga hal
tsb secara
bersamaan
untuk
menentukan
kebutuhan
pendanaan.
Framework for
Financial Analysis
6-12
Determining
the
financing
needs of
the firm.
Negotiations
with
suppliers of
capital.
6-13
Types of
Comparisons
1.
Perbandingan
Internal
2.
Perbandingan
External
Examples:
Robert Morris
Associates
Dun & Bradstreet
Almanac of
Business and
Industrial Financial
Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Balance Sheet Ratios
Current
Liquidity Ratios
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Menunjukkan
kemampuan perusahaan
memenuhi kewajiban
jangka pendek dengan
aktiva lancar yang
dimiliki
6-15
$1,195 = 2.39
$500
Liquidity Ratio
Comparisons
Current Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
2.39
2.15
19X2
2.26
2.09
19X1
1.91
2.01
Liquidity Ratios
Balance Sheet Ratios
Acid-Test (Quick)
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity Ratio
Comparisons
Acid-Test Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
1.00
1.25
19X2
1.04
1.23
19X1
1.11
1.25
6-19
Industry
2.15
1.25
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
19X1
6-20
BW
Industry
19X2
Analysis Year
19X3
Ratio Value
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.5
19X1
6-21
BW
Industry
1.0
19X2
Analysis Year
19X3
6-22
Debt-to-Equity
Total Debt
Shareholders Equity
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
$1,030 = .90
$1,139
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
.90
.90
19X2
.88
.90
19X1
.81
.89
6-24
Menunjukkan porsi
aktiva (47 %) yang
didanai dengan
hutang.
6-25
Debt-to-Total-Assets
Total Debt
Total Assets
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
$1,030 = .47
$2,169
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Debt-to-Total-Asset Ratio
6-26
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
.47
.47
19X2
.47
.47
19X1
.45
.47
Total Capitalization
Financial Leverage
Ratios
Total Debt
Total Capitalization
Menunjukkan besarnya
porsi hutang jangka panjang
(62 %) terhadap total
pendanaan jangka panjang.
6-27
$1,030 = .62
$1,669
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Total Capitalization Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
.62
.60
19X2
.62
.61
19X1
.67
.62
Coverage Ratios
Income Statement
Ratios
Coverage Ratios
Menunjukkan
kemampuan
perusahaan membayar
bunga dari laba operasi
perusahaan.
6-29
Interest Coverage
EBIT
Interest Charges
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
$210 = 3.56
$59
Coverage
Ratio Comparisons
Interest Coverage Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
3.56
5.19
19X2
4.35
5.02
19X1
10.30
4.66
Ratio Value
9.0
7.0
5.0
3.0
19X1
6-31
BW
Industry
19X2
Analysis Year
19X3
6-32
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Menunjukkan kualitas
piutang dan keberhasilan
perusahaan dalam
penagihan piutang.
6-33
Receivable Turnover
(Assume all sales are credit sales.)
$2,211 = 5.61
$394
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Average number of days
that receivables are
outstanding.
(or RT in days)
6-34
365
5.61
= 65 days
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Average Collection Period
6-35
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
65.0
65.7
19X2
71.1
66.3
19X1
83.6
69.2
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Menunjukkan kecepatan
pembayaran pada
pemasok perusahaan.
6-36
$1551
= 16.5
$94
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Average number of days
that payables are
outstanding.
6-37
PT in Days
Days in the Year
Payable Turnover
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
365
16.5
= 22.1 days
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Payable Turnover in Days
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
22.1
46.7
19X2
25.4
51.1
19X1
43.5
48.5
Is this good?
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Menunjukkan
keefektifan pengelolaan
persediaan perusahaan.
6-39
Inventory Turnover
Cost of Goods Sold
Inventory
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
$1,599 = 2.30
$696
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Inventory Turnover Ratio
6-40
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
2.30
3.45
19X2
2.44
3.76
19X1
2.64
3.69
Ratio Value
4.0
3.5
3.0
BW
Industry
2.5
2.0
19X1
19X2
Analysis Year
6-41
19X3
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Menunjukkan efektivitas
penggunaan aktiva dalam
menghasilkan penjualan.
6-42
$2,211 = 1.02
$2,169
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Total Asset Turnover Ratio
6-43
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
1.02
1.17
19X2
1.03
1.14
19X1
1.01
1.13
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Menunjukkan efisiensi
operasi dan kebijakan
harga perusahaan.
6-44
$612 = .277
$2,211
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Gross Profit Margin
6-45
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
27.7%
31.1%
19X2
28.7
30.8
19X1
31.3
27.6
35.0
32.5
30.0
BW
Industry
27.5
25.0
19X1
19X2
Analysis Year
6-46
19X3
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Menunjukkan profitabilitas
perusahaan setelah dikurangi
semua biaya dan pajak
penghasilan.
6-47
$91 = .041
$2,211
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Net Profit Margin
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
4.1%
8.2%
19X2
4.9
8.1
19X1
9.0
7.6
10
9
8
7
BW
Industry
6
5
4
19X1
19X2
Analysis Year
6-49
19X3
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Return on Investment
Net Profit after Taxes
Total Assets
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Return on Investment
6-51
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
4.2%
9.8%
19X2
5.0
9.1
19X1
9.1
10.8
12
10
8
BW
Industry
6
4
19X1
19X2
Analysis Year
6-52
19X3
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Menunjukkan profitabilitas
untuk shareholders
(setelah dikurangi biaya
dan pajak).
6-53
Return on Equity
Net Profit after Taxes
Shareholders Equity
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 19X3
$91 = .08
$1,139
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Return on Equity
6-54
Year
BW
Industry
19X3
8.0%
17.9%
19X2
9.4
17.2
19X1
16.6
20.4
21.0
17.5
14.0
BW
Industry
10.5
7.0
19X1
19X2
Analysis Year
6-55
19X3
ROI19X3
ROE19X3
6-58
6-59
Common-size Analysis
Suatu analisis prosentase laporan
keuangan dimana semua item
pada balance sheet dibagi
dengan total assets dan semua
item pada laporan income
statement dibagi dengan net
sales atau revenues.
6-60
19X2
19X3
19X1
19X2
19X3
Cash
AR
Inv
Other CA
148
283
322
10
100
410
616
14
90
394
696
15
12.10
23.14
26.33
0.82
4.89
20.06
30.14
0.68
4.15
18.17
32.09
0.69
Tot CA
Net FA
LT Inv
Other LT
763
349
0
111
1,140
631
50
223
1,195
701
50
223
62.39
28.54
0.00
9.08
55.77
30.87
2.45
10.91
55.09
32.32
2.31
10.28
1,223
2,044
2,169
100.0
100.0
100.0
Tot Assets
6-61
19X1
Common-Size (%)
6-62
19X1
19X2
19X3
Common-Size (%)
19X1
19X2
19X3
Note Pay
Acct Pay
Accr Tax
Other Accr
290
81
13
15
295
94
16
100
290
94
16
100
23.71
6.62
1.06
1.23
14.43
4.60
0.78
4.89
13.37
4.33
0.74
4.61
Tot CL
LT Debt
Equity
399
150
674
505
453
1,086
500
530
1,139
32.62
12.26
55.11
24.71
22.16
53.13
23.05
24.44
52.51
Tot L+E
1,223
2,044
2,169
100.0
100.0
100.0
19X2
19X3
Common-Size (%)
19X1
19X2
19X3
1,235
849
2,106
1,501
2,211
1,599
100.0
68.7
100.0
71.3
100.0
72.3
Gross Profit
Adm.
386
180
605
383
612
402
31.3
14.6
28.7
18.2
27.7
18.2
EBIT
Int Exp
206
20
222
51
210
59
16.7
1.6
10.5
2.4
9.5
2.7
EBT
186
171
151
15.1
8.1
6.8
EAT
112
103
91
9.1
4.9
4.1
Cash Div
50
50
50
4.0
2.4
2.3
6-63
Index Analyses
6-64
Basket Wonders
Indexed Balance Sheets
Regular (thousands of $)
Assets
19X2
19X3
19X1
19X2
19X3
Cash
AR
Inv
Other CA
148
283
322
10
100
410
616
14
90
394
696
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.6
144.9
191.3
140.0
60.8
139.2
216.1
150.0
Tot CA
Net FA
LT Inv
Other LT
763
349
0
111
1,140
631
50
223
1,195
701
50
223
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
149.4
180.8
inf.
200.9
156.6
200.9
inf.
200.9
1,223
2,044
2,169
100.0
167.1
177.4
Tot Assets
6-65
19X1
Indexed (%)
Basket Wonders
Indexed Balance Sheets
Regular (thousands of $)
Liab+Equity
6-66
19X1
19X2
19X3
Indexed (%)
19X1
19X2
19X3
Note Pay
Acct Pay
Accr Tax
Other Accr
290
81
13
15
295
94
16
100
290
94
16
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.7
116.0
123.1
666.7
100.0
116.0
123.1
666.7
Tot CL
LT Debt
Equity
399
150
674
505
453
1,086
500
530
1,139
100.0
100.0
100.0
126.6
302.0
161.1
125.3
353.3
169.0
Tot L+E
1,223
2,044
2,169
100.0
167.1
177.4
19X2
19X3
Indexed (%)
19X1
19X2
19X3
1,235
849
2,106
1,501
2,211
1,599
100.0
100.0
170.5
176.8
179.0
188.3
Gross Profit
Adm.
386
180
605
383
612
402
100.0
100.0
156.7
212.8
158.5
223.3
EBIT
Int Exp
206
20
222
51
210
59
100.0
100.0
107.8
255.0
101.9
295.0
EBT
186
171
151
100.0
91.9
81.2
EAT
112
103
91
100.0
92.0
81.3
Cash Div
50
50
50
100.0
100.0
100.0
6-67