OCCUSAL RELATIONSHIPS

IN PEMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE
 INDEX
1 Desirable occlusal contact relationship for removable partial denture
2 Method for establishing occlusal relationship
a) Direct apposition of cast.
b) Interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining on record
base.
c) Jaw relations records made entirely on occlusion rims.
d) Occlusal relations using occlusion rims on record base.
e) Establishing occlusion by the recording of occlusal path way.
3 Materials for artificial posterior teeth
- Arranging teeth to an occluding template
4 Establishing jaw relations for a mandibular removable partial denture
opposing a maxillary complete denture.
 INTRODUCTION
• The fourth phase in the treatment of patient with removable partial
dentures is the establishment of a functional and harmonious
occlusion
• Occlusal harmony between a removable partial denture and the
remaining natural teeth is a mojar factor in the preservation of the
health of their surrounding structure.
• In removable partial dentures because of the attachment of the
removable partial denture to the abutment teeth occlusal stress
can be transmitted directly to the abutment teeth and other
supporting structures.
• These leads to sustained stress that may be more damaging than
those transient stress found in complete dentures
• Failure to provide and maintain adequate occlusion on the
removable partial denture is primarily result of
- Lack of support for the denture base
- The fallacying of establishing occlusion to a single static
jaw relation record.
- An unacceptable occlusal plane.
 DESIRABLE OCCLUSAL CONTACT RELATIONSHIP
FOR REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES

• The following occlusal arrangements are recommended to develop a

harmonous occlusal relationship of removable partial dentures and to
enhance stability of the removable partial dentures
1. Simultaneously bilateral contacts of opposing posterior teeth must occur
in centric occlusion
2. Occlusion for tooth supporetd removable partial denture may be
arranged similar to the occlusion in seen in a harmonous natural
dentition
- Stability of such removable partial dentures results from the effect of the
direct retainers at tha both ends of the dentures base
3.Bilateral balanced occlusion in eccentric position should be formulated when a
maxillary complete denture oppose the removable partial denture. This is a
complete primarily to promote the stability of the complete denture.

4. Working side contact should be obtained for the mandibular distal extension
denture. This contacts should occur simultaneously with working side
contacts of the natural teeth to distribute the stress over the greatest
possible area
5. Simultaneously working and balancing contact should be formulated for the
maxillary bilateral distal extension removable partial denture whenever
possibe.
6. Only working contacts need to be formulated for either maxillary or
mandibular unilateral distal extension removable partial dentures.

7. In the Kennedy Class IV removable partial denture configuration contact of

opposing anterior teeth in the planned intercuspal position is desired to
prevent a continous eruption of the opposing natural incisors unless they
are otherwise prevented from extrusion by means of a lingual plate,
auxillary bar, by splinting.
8. Balanced contact of opposing posterior teeth in a straight forward protusive
relationship and functional excursive position is desired only when an opposing
complete denture or bilateral distal extension maxillary removable partial
denture is placed.

9. Artificial posterior teeth should not be arranged further distally than the
beginning of a sharp upward incline of the mandibular residual ridge or over
the retromolar pad.
 METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING OCCLUSSAL RELATIONSHIP

• Five methods of establishing interocclusal relation for removable partial

denture
A) Direct apposition of cast
• The first method is used when there are sufficient opposing teeth tat
remain in contact to make the existing jaw relationship obvious or when
only a few teeth are to be replaced on short denture bases and there is no
evidence of occlusal abnormalities
- METHODS
• Apposing cast may be occlude by hand
• The occluded cast should be held in apposition with rigid supports
attached with sticky wax to the base so the cast until they are securely
mounted in the articultor.
• Occlusal analysis and the correction of any existing occlusal disharmony
should preceded the acceptance of such jaw relation record.
• Such a jaw relation record between the remaining natural teeth.
(B) INTEROCCLUSAL RECORS WITH POSTERIOR TEETH REMAINING

INDICATION:- When sufficient natural teeth remain to support the

removable partial denture but the relation of opposing natural teeth
dose not permit the occluding of cast by hand.
• A uniformily softened, metal reinforced wafer of base plate or setup
wax is place between the and the patient is guided to close in centric
relation.
• Corret closure should hase been rehearsd before placement of the wax
so that the patient will not hesitate or deviate into closing.
• Wax is than removed and immediately chilled thoroughly in room
temperature water.
 It should be replaced a second time to correct the distortion that
result from chilling and than again chilled after removal.
 All excess wax should now be removed with a sharp knife.
 A wax record can be further corrected with a freely flowing occlusal
registration material such as metallic oxide paste used as the final
recording medium.
METHOD:-
• The opposing teeth should first be lightly coated with petroleum jelly or a silicon preparation
• The occlusal registration material is than mixed and applied to both side
of the metal reinforced wax record
• It is quickly placed and the patient is assisted with closing in the
rehearsed path
• After the occlusal registration material has set the corrected wax record is
removed and inspected for accuracy
• Any excess wax matrix should be removed with sharp knife
• Record should seat on accurate cast without discrepancy or interferance
and will provide an accurate interocclusal record
ADVANTAGE OF USING METALLIC OXIDE PASTE:-
1. Uniformity of consistency
2. Ease of displacement on closure
3. Accuracy of occlusal surface reproduction
4. Dimensionally stability
5. Less likelihood of distortion during mounting procedure
(C) OCCLUSAL RELATION USING OCCLUSION RIMS ON RECORD BASES

INDICATION:-
1. When one or more distal extension areas are present
2. When a tooth supported edentulous space is large
3. When opposing teeth do not meet

• In this instance occlusal rims on accurate jaw relation record base must be used .
METHOD:-
• It is much same as in the second method except that occlusion rims are substituted for
missing teeth .
• It is essential that accurate bases be used to help support the occlusal relationship.
METHOD FOR RECORDING CENTRIC RELATION ON RECORD BASE

• Modelling plastic occlusal rims may be uniformly soften by flaming and

tempering, result in a generally acceptable occlusal racord.
• This method is the time proved and when compitently done it is equally
in accuracy to any other method
• When occlusal rims are used they should be reduced in height until just
out of occlusal contact at the desired vertical dimension of occlusion.
• A single stop is than added to maintain there terminal position as a jaw
relation record is made in some uniformly soft material
• Quick setting impression plaster, bite registration paste,
autop[olymerising resin may be used
(D) JAW RELATION RECORD MADE ENTIRELY ON OCCLUSION RIMS

INDICATION:-
1. When an opposing maxillary complete denture is to be made concurrently
with a mandibular removable partial denture.
2. Used in those rare situation in which the few remaining teeth do not
occlude and will not influence eccentric jaw movements.
• Jaw relation records are entirely on occlusal rims
• The occlusion rims must be supported by accurate jaw relation record
base
• The choice of method for recording jaw relation is much the same as that
or complete denture
• Either some direct inter occlusal method or stylus tracing may be used
(5) Establishing Occlusion by the recording of occlusal pathway:
• The fifth method of establishing occlusion on the removal partial dentures is
the registration of occlusal pathway and the use of an occluding template
rather than cast of opposing arch.
• When a static jaw relation record is used with or without eccentric supplied
teeth are arranged to occlude according to a specific concepts of the
occlusion.
• These movement are made more complicated by the influences of the
remaining natural teeth.
• According to Thompson “Observing the occlusion with the teeth in static
relation and then moving the mandible into various eccentric positions is
not sufficient. A dynamic concept is necessary to produce an occlusion that
is functional harmony with facial skeleton , the musculature , and the
temporomandibular joint”
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRING OCCLUSAL PATHWAY
After the framework has been adjust to fit the mouth, the technique for
registration of occlusal pathways is as follow.
1. Support the wax occlusion rim by a denture base having as same degree
of accuracy and stability as the finished denture base.
The wax used for the occlusion rim should be hard enough to support
biting stress and should be tough enough to resist fracture.
2. Inform the patient that the occlusal rim must be worn for 24hours or
longer.
It should be worn constantly, including nighttime, excepts for removal
during meal.
By wearing and biting into a hard occlusal rim , record is made of all
extent of jaw movement.
3. After 24 hours the occlusal surface of the wax rim should show continuously
gloss. Which indicate functional contact with opposing teeth in all extreme of
movements.
 Any are of deficient are add this time.

4. After a second 24- 48hours period of wear the registration should be complete
and the acceptable.
 The remaining teeth that serve as vertical stops should be in contact and the
occlusal rim should show an intact glossary surface, representing all each cusp
in all extremes of movements.
• The registration of occlusal pathways has additional advantages.
• It makes obtain jaw relation possible under actual working length condition,
with the denture framework in its terminal position, the opposing teeth in
function, and the opposing denture, if present fully seated.
MATERIAL FOR ARTIFICIAL POSTERIOR TEETH:
• Mostly acrylic resin teeth are generally preferred to porcelain teeth
because, they are nearely resemble enamel in their abrasion potential
against opposing teeth
• Improved acrylic teeth with gold occlusal surface are mostly preferred to
opposition of natural teeth restored with gold occlusal surface because
acrylic.
• Porcelain teeth are generally used in opposition to other porcelain teeth.
• Acrylic resin tooth surface become impregnated with abrasive paricles, so
act as abrasive surface itself so resin teeth some time capable of waaring
opposing gold surface.
• There should be reduced buccolingual width of posterior teeth.
• A acrylic resin teeth are easily modified and easily lend themselves to
consruction of cast gold surface on their occlusal gold surface.
ESTABLISHIN JAW RELATION FOR A MANDIBULAR REMOVABLE PARIAL
DENTURE OPPOSING A MAXILLARY COMPLETE DENTURE:
Condition: (1) If mandibular removable partial denture occluding with maxillary
complete denture-
- If existing denture is satisfactory and occusal plane is oriented to an
acceptable anatomic, function and esthetics position than
complete denture not need to b replaced and treated as a intact
arch.
- A face bow transfer is made of that arch and cast is articulated on the
articulator.
- than face bow and complete denture is remover and irreversible
hydrocolloid impression of the denture is made.
- A cast is formed from the impression and mount on the articulator.
- Than centric relation recorded and transferred to the articulator.
(2) When the removable partial denture replaces all posterior teeth and the
anterior teeth are no interfering.
A central bearing point tracer is used may be mounted im the plate on
maxillary denture.
A centric relation are recorded by means of introral stylus tracing against the
stable mandibular base.
When a existing complete denture opposing a arch on which removable
partial denture is fabricated. A cast of complete denture is used during
the fabrication procedure.

(3) If the mandibular removable partial dentures is tooth supported than

mandibular arch resorted first.
In other instance the mandibular arch is restored first and jaw relation are
established if they would be a full complement of opposing teeth. Thus
the maxillary complete denture is occluded with an intact arch.
CONCLUSION

 The balanced occlusion is the most important factor for the retention
of the prosthesis.
 The occlusion must be evaluate before the prosthesis fabrication
start.
 Preprosthetic mouth preparation must be done for better occlusion
reproduction.
 Proper method to be used for the record of correct occusion.
 Imbalanced occlusion is the main cause of retention loss of the
prosthesis.
 REFERENCES
 McCracken’s
Removable Partial Prosthodontics : Alan B. Carr
(Eleventh Edition ) Glen P. MacGivney
David T. Brown

Clinical Removabale Partial

Prosthodontics : Stewart
(Second edition) Rudd
Kebker