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Tit 73

Bi 53

Bi 53

ANCOL:CU TO - DANH PHP


TNH CHT VT L

I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI, NG PHN V DANH PHP

1. nh ngha
2. Phn loi
3. ng phn -Danh php
II. TNH CHT VT L V LIN KT HIRO CA ANCOL

1. Tnh cht vt l
2. Lin kt hiro
2

Lm bi tp trong PHIU HOC TP S 1


Trong s cc cht di y, cc cht no l ancol?
(1)
CH3CH2OH
(2)
CH3 CH CH2 OH
CH3
(3) CH2 = CH OH
(4)
CH2 = CH CH2 OH
(5) CH3 O CH3

Ancol l nhng hp
cht hu c trong phn
t c nhm hiroxyl
(-OH) lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t cacbon
no.

(6) CH3 CH2 CH = O


OH
(7)

Cc cht sau y, c thu c ancol?


(1)

CH2 = CH OH

(2)

CH3 CH = CH - OH

Khng phai ancol

(3)

CH C - OH

ho c

OH

khng tn tai ancol:

(4)

2. Phn loi
a. Da vo s nhom OH trong phn t
Cho m t s ancol sau:
(1) CH3-CH2-OH
(2)

CH2=CH-CH2-OH

(3)

CH2

CH OH
CH22

(4)

OH

OH

ancol n chc

ancol a chc
(5)

CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH

Da vo s nhm OH, ancol chia thnh nhng loai no?


5

2. Phn loi
b. Da vo gc hirocacbon
Cho m t s ancol sau:
(1) CH3-CH2-OH
(2)

CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
OH

ancol no

(3)

(4)
(5)

CH2=CH-CH2-OH
CH2 OH

ancol khng no
ancol thm

Da vo gc hirocacbon, ancol chia thnh nhng loai no?


6

Kt qua PHIU HOC TP S 2

Ancol

no / khng no/
thm

n chc/
a chc

mach h/
mach vong

CH3-CH2-OH
CH2=CH-CH2-OH

no
khng no

n chc
n chc

mach h
mach h

thm

n chc

no

n chc

CH2 OH
OH

mach vong

no
a chc
mach h
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
Ancol no, n chc, mach h (ankanol) c cng thc chung l:

CnH2n+1OH (n 1)

=> CTPT: CnH2n+2O

2. Phn loi
c. Da vo b c ancol

C
C

III II

HO

C C C

C C

IV II

Ancol b c 1
Bc ancol tinh bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon
lin kt vi nhm OH.
8

Lm bi tp trong PHIU HOC TP S 3


Xc inh b c ancol ca cc ancol sau:
(1)

CH3CH2CH2CH
C 2OH

Ancol bc I

(2)

CH3- CHC CH2-CH3

Ancol bc II

(3)

OH
CH3- CH- CH
C 2OH

Ancol bc I

(4)

CH3
OH
CH3- C - CH3

Ancol bc III

CH3
9

3.
3. NG
NG PHN
PHN DANH
DANH PHAP
PHAP

10

a. ng phn
So snh CTPT ca nhng cht sau?
(1 ) CH3
(2)CH3

CH2
CH

CH2
CH2

CH2

OH

OH

Cc ng phn
ancol

CH3

(3)CH3

CH2

CH3

CH
OH

(4)CH3

CH2

CH2

CH3

(5)CH3

CH2

CH2

CH3

Cc ng phn
ete
11

Phn tch hai yu cu sau v cho bit kt qu c


hai yu cu c ging nhau khng?
1.Vit CTCT ca cc ng phn ancol c cng
CTPT C4H10O
2. Vit CTCT ca cc ng phn c cng CTPT
C4H10O

12

2. Danh php
a. Tn thng thng
CH3 CH2 OH

Ancol etylic

Tn ancol = ancol + tn gc hidrocacbon+ ic


13

b1/ Tn thng thng: Ancol + tn gc hydrocacbon + ic

CH3-OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH2=CHCH2-OH
CH2OH

: ancol metylic
: ancol propylic
: ancol anlylic
ancol benzylic (ancol thm)

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 : ancol sec-butylic


(CH3)2 CHCH2OH :
ancol isobutylic
(CH3)3COH :
ancol tert-butylic
14

b2)Tn thay th
B1: chn mch chnh
di nht c cha
nhm OH
B2: nh s t pha
gn nhm OH nht
B3: gi tn

CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 OH


CH3
CH3

2,4 dimetyl pentan 1 ol

Tn hidrocacbon tng ng theo mach chinh


+ s ch vi tri OH + ol
15

b2. Tn thay th
Gi tn cc ancol sau theo tn thay th:
S ngt C
Cng thc cu tao
1
CH3OH
2

CH3CH2OH

CH3CH2CH2OH

CH3CHOHCH3

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

Tn thay th
metanol
etanol
propan-1-ol
propan-2-ol
butan-1-ol

16

1. Tnh cht vt l
Da vo bang hng s vt l ca mt s ancol u day ng ng:
S C

Cng thc cu tao

ts, oC

Khi lng ring


g/cm3 ( 20oC)

tan
g/100g H2O (25oC)

CH3OH

64,7

0,792

CH3CH2OH

78,3

0,789

CH3CH2CH2OH

97,2

0,804

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

117,3

0,809

9 ( 15oC)

138,0

0,814

0,06

5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Hay in vo ch trng:

Trang thi: Cc ancol l . cht


. . . (1)
. .long
. . . ho ccht
. . . . .rn
. . iu ki n
(2)
thng.
Nhi t si, khi lng ring: . . . . .tng
.(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . theo chiu
tng ca phn t.
(4) .v. .hn
Cc ancol c t 1 n 3 nguyn t C . . . . . .tan
. . . . . . . .trong nc.
tan trong nc . . giam
. .(5) . . . . . . . . . khi phn t khi tng.
17

1. Tnh cht vt l

Vd: Cho cc ancol sau:


(1) CH3-OH
(2) CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
(3) CH3-CH2-OH
Sp xp nhi t si giam dn?
Nhi t si giam dn: (2) > (3) > (1)
18

1. Tnh cht vt l
Da vo bang s li u sau:
CTPT
Hidrocacbon
Ancol
Ete

ts, oC

Khi lng phn t

(1) C2H6

-89

30

(4) C2H5OH

78,3

46

(5) CH3-O-CH3

-23

46

Nhn xt v nhit si ca ancol so vi hidrocacbon v ete


tng ng?

Cc ancol co nhi t si cao hncc hirocacbon c


cung phn t khi ho c ng phn ete ca n.
19

2.
2. Lin
Lin kt
kt hidro
hidro
a) Khi nim v lin kt hir:
Ch : nhng phn t tao c lin kt hidro: trong cu tao
c lin kt X- H ( X l nguyn t c A ln: F, O, N)

Phn t ancol: R-O-H


+
-

H O

Lin kt hidro

R
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b) nh hng ca lin kt hidro n tinh cht vt l

- +
- +
O H O H

C2H5
C2H5
Cc ancol c nhit si cao hn cc hidrocacbon c cung phn t
hoc ng phn ete ca n.

- +
+

O H O H

C2H5
H
Cc ancol tan nhiu trong nc.
21

1. Ancol X c cng thc cu to:


CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH3

OH

C2H5

Tn
gi ca
X theo danh B.
php
thay
th
A. 5-etyl
Hexan-3-ol
2-etyl
Hexan-4-ol
l
D. 5-meyl Heptan-3C.
3-meyl Heptan-5-ol
ol
22

2. Trong cc cu sau, cu no khng ung ?


A. Nhng HCHC c cng thc chung CnH2+2O
u l ancol.
B. Cng thc chung ca day ng ng ancol
etylic l CnH2n+1OH.
C. Cc ancol c phn loi da theo cu to
gc hidrocacbon v theo s lng nhm
OH.
D. Ancol l nhng HCHC m phn t c nhm
OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t
cacbon no.
23

3. Hp cht no c tn ancol anlylic.


A. C3H7OH

B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH

C. C3H5(OH)3

D. C6H5CH2OH

4. HCHC no sau y to c lin


kt hidro gia cc phn t ?
A. CH2=CH2
OH

B.

CH3-CH2-

C. CH3-CH2-Br

D. CH3-O-CH3
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