Bi 53
Bi 53
1. nh ngha
2. Phn loi
3. ng phn -Danh php
II. TNH CHT VT L V LIN KT HIRO CA ANCOL
1. Tnh cht vt l
2. Lin kt hiro
2
Ancol l nhng hp
cht hu c trong phn
t c nhm hiroxyl
(-OH) lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t cacbon
no.
CH2 = CH OH
(2)
CH3 CH = CH - OH
(3)
CH C - OH
ho c
OH
(4)
2. Phn loi
a. Da vo s nhom OH trong phn t
Cho m t s ancol sau:
(1) CH3-CH2-OH
(2)
CH2=CH-CH2-OH
(3)
CH2
CH OH
CH22
(4)
OH
OH
ancol n chc
ancol a chc
(5)
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
2. Phn loi
b. Da vo gc hirocacbon
Cho m t s ancol sau:
(1) CH3-CH2-OH
(2)
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
OH
ancol no
(3)
(4)
(5)
CH2=CH-CH2-OH
CH2 OH
ancol khng no
ancol thm
Ancol
no / khng no/
thm
n chc/
a chc
mach h/
mach vong
CH3-CH2-OH
CH2=CH-CH2-OH
no
khng no
n chc
n chc
mach h
mach h
thm
n chc
no
n chc
CH2 OH
OH
mach vong
no
a chc
mach h
CH2 CH CH2
OH OH OH
Ancol no, n chc, mach h (ankanol) c cng thc chung l:
CnH2n+1OH (n 1)
2. Phn loi
c. Da vo b c ancol
C
C
III II
HO
C C C
C C
IV II
Ancol b c 1
Bc ancol tinh bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon
lin kt vi nhm OH.
8
CH3CH2CH2CH
C 2OH
Ancol bc I
(2)
Ancol bc II
(3)
OH
CH3- CH- CH
C 2OH
Ancol bc I
(4)
CH3
OH
CH3- C - CH3
Ancol bc III
CH3
9
3.
3. NG
NG PHN
PHN DANH
DANH PHAP
PHAP
10
a. ng phn
So snh CTPT ca nhng cht sau?
(1 ) CH3
(2)CH3
CH2
CH
CH2
CH2
CH2
OH
OH
Cc ng phn
ancol
CH3
(3)CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
OH
(4)CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
(5)CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
Cc ng phn
ete
11
12
2. Danh php
a. Tn thng thng
CH3 CH2 OH
Ancol etylic
CH3-OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH2=CHCH2-OH
CH2OH
: ancol metylic
: ancol propylic
: ancol anlylic
ancol benzylic (ancol thm)
b2)Tn thay th
B1: chn mch chnh
di nht c cha
nhm OH
B2: nh s t pha
gn nhm OH nht
B3: gi tn
b2. Tn thay th
Gi tn cc ancol sau theo tn thay th:
S ngt C
Cng thc cu tao
1
CH3OH
2
CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3CHOHCH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Tn thay th
metanol
etanol
propan-1-ol
propan-2-ol
butan-1-ol
16
1. Tnh cht vt l
Da vo bang hng s vt l ca mt s ancol u day ng ng:
S C
ts, oC
tan
g/100g H2O (25oC)
CH3OH
64,7
0,792
CH3CH2OH
78,3
0,789
CH3CH2CH2OH
97,2
0,804
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
117,3
0,809
9 ( 15oC)
138,0
0,814
0,06
5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Hay in vo ch trng:
1. Tnh cht vt l
1. Tnh cht vt l
Da vo bang s li u sau:
CTPT
Hidrocacbon
Ancol
Ete
ts, oC
(1) C2H6
-89
30
(4) C2H5OH
78,3
46
(5) CH3-O-CH3
-23
46
2.
2. Lin
Lin kt
kt hidro
hidro
a) Khi nim v lin kt hir:
Ch : nhng phn t tao c lin kt hidro: trong cu tao
c lin kt X- H ( X l nguyn t c A ln: F, O, N)
H O
Lin kt hidro
R
20
- +
- +
O H O H
C2H5
C2H5
Cc ancol c nhit si cao hn cc hidrocacbon c cung phn t
hoc ng phn ete ca n.
- +
+
O H O H
C2H5
H
Cc ancol tan nhiu trong nc.
21
OH
C2H5
Tn
gi ca
X theo danh B.
php
thay
th
A. 5-etyl
Hexan-3-ol
2-etyl
Hexan-4-ol
l
D. 5-meyl Heptan-3C.
3-meyl Heptan-5-ol
ol
22
B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH
C. C3H5(OH)3
D. C6H5CH2OH
B.
CH3-CH2-
C. CH3-CH2-Br
D. CH3-O-CH3
24