WIRE APPLIANCE
PRECEPTORS:
DR. SHALAJ BHATNAGAR
DR. ACHINT JUNEJA
PRESENTED BY:
EMAD AHMAD ANIS
P.G. 2 nd YEAR
Introduction
STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE
Lawrence F. Andrews.
ANDREWS SWA
Lawrence F Andrews
Will Andrews
Measurements
and
The Technique
Embrasure lines:
A line drawn on the
trimmed surfaces of
the cast, connecting
the most facial
aspect of the contact
areas
Bracket Area
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TERMINOLOGIES
The following terms are necessary
for discussing the six keys
Terms of importance :
Andrews Plane : The surface or plane on
which the midtransverse plane of every
crown in an arch will fall when the teeth
are optimally positioned
Facial axis
point -(FA)The point on
the facial
axis that
separate the
gingival half
of the
clinical
crown from
the occlusal
half.
Crown Angulation :
This is evaluated
according to the line
formed by the facial
axis of the clinical
crown (FACC) and a line
drawn perpendicular to
the occlusal plane.
Crown Inclination
The angle
between the line
perpendicular to the
occlusal plane and a
line that is parallel &
tangent to FACC at its
midpoint (the FA
point ).
If the occlusal
portion of the crown is
facial to its gingival
portion it is
considered as positive.
INTER ARCH
RELATIONSHIPS
1.
Angles Class I molar
relationship.
2.
The distal marginal
ridge of the maxillary Ist
molar occludes with the
mesial marginal ridge of
the mandibular second
molar.
3.
The mesiopalatal
cusp of the maxillary Ist
molar occludes with the
central fossa of the
mandibular Ist molar.
KEY-I
1. Improper
molar
relationship.
2. Improved molar
relationship.
3. More improved
molar
relationship.
4. Proper molar
relationship.
Consistent pattern of
Most maxillary centrals having a positive
inclination and mandibular incisors having
a slight negative inclination . The crown of
maxillary incisors are more positively
inclined relative to a line 90 deg to the
occlusal plane.
The inclinations of premolar and molars is
more and more negative.
Tip Values
5
11 9
Torque
Torque
Tip Values
Key IV : Rotations
The fourth key to normal occlusion is that the
teeth should be free of undesirable
rotations. An example of the problem is
seen in a superimposed molar outline
showing how the molar, if rotated, would
occupy more space than normal, creating a
situation unreceptive to normal. occlusion.
Core line
Perimeter line
It is also an
imaginary line that
best represent the
length of the
occlusogingival
portion of the
dental arch.
It is measured
along a line that
connects the most
facial points of the
occlusal surface of
the crowns that
are on the core line
and extends as far
distally as does the
core line.
NON- PROGRAMMED
APPLIANCE
BRACKET DESIGN
Bracket bases
are
perpendicular to
the bracket
stem.
The base of the
non- programmed
bracket is
perpendicular to
the faciolingual
axis Cause
problems of slot
siting &
occlusogingival
positioning.
hen the Base of the slot Is placed parallel to the FACC and the base point is affix
rrectly to the FA point the angle of the slots will vary to that many different
sitions
Unsatisfactory Landmarks
Angulatio
n
landmark
Long axis of
crown
Long axis
of tooth
Incisal
edges
Marginal
ridges
Contact
points
Inclination landmark
Bracket height
from cusp tip or
incisal tip
E.g
In a tooth
slot
inclination
can differ
up to 45
degree
depending
on which
portion of
the crown
is chosen
as bracket
site.
WIRE BENDING
FULLY PROGRAMMED
APPLIANCE
b)
Types of Brackets
Standard brackets
Incisor relation - Class I
Class II
Class
III
Molar relation
Class I
Class II
Minimum
Medium
Maximum
STANDARD FULLY
PROGRAMMED APPLIANCE.
Standard Brackets
Standard Brackets
Def: A fully programmed bracket designed for teeth
that do not require translation.
Non extraction cases.
Same values of built in features as normals
One Standard bracket for each tooth, except
incisors & max. molars.
For incisors there are 3 (9 with differing inclinations)
and Max molars 2 types of brackets
Class I molars
Class II molars
Feature 1
the
midtransvers
e plane of the
slot, stem
and crown
must be the
same.
Feature 2
the base
of the
bracket for
each tooth
type must
have the
same
inclination
as the facial
plane of the
crown at
the FA point
Feature 3
---each
brackets
inclined base
must be
contoured
occlusogingival
ly to match the
curvature of
the crown
If features 1 through
3 are incorporated
into the bracket
design and the
brackets are sited
correctly, each slots
midtransverse plane
will be aligned with
that of the crown,
regardless of crowns
position.
When the teeth are
optimally positioned,
the midtransverse
planes of all the
crowns, stems and
slots in an arch will
coincide with the
Andrews plane.
The horizontal
components of
the bracket i.e.
superior and
inferior sides of
the bracket
stem are sited
equidistant from
the crowns
gingiva and
cusps tip the
base point of the
bracket will
coincide with
Feature 8
within an
arch ,all
slots
points
( c ) must
have the
same
distance
between
them and
the
crowns
embrasure
line (a).
Cl III
Maxillary CI
12 deg
LI
8 deg
Mandibular
CI & LI
Cl I
Cl II
7 deg
2 deg
3 deg
-1 deg
-2 deg
4 deg
Convenience features
The gingival
tie wings on
posterior
brackets are
designed to
extend farther
laterally than
they do on
nonprogrammed
brackets.
This facilitates
ligation and
eliminates
gingival
impingement
Similarly facial
surface of incisor
and canine
brackets are
designed to
parallel their bases
,which in turn
parallel the
crowns faces.
This feature is for
lip comfort and
also helps in
preventing occlusal
interferences.
Auxiliary features
Fully programmed
Translation Brackets
A bracket located on
the crowns face is in
the wrong place in
two ways:---The bracket is
occlusal to the tooth
center of resistance (
b ).
So when a mesial or
distal force is applied
the tooth instead of
translating ,it will
tend to tip around its
horizontal center of
rotation (a ).
The bracket is
also located
laterally to the
center of
resistance ,
so instead of
translating
when a mesial
or distal force
is applied , the
tooth will tend
to rotate
around its
vertical center
of rotation
Counter rotation
Definition :
Relative to a line
90 degree to the
crowns
midsagittal
plane, the
mesiodistal axis
of a standard slot
is not rotated 0
degree line.
however for
translation
brackets the
slots mesiodistal
axis is rotated
2,4, or 6 degree
around the slot
point.
When a mesial
or distal force
is applied, the
resulting
rotation
moment (M) is
controlled by
the counter
moment (CM)
produced by
the rotated slot
and flexed arch
wire.
When
translation is
complete, the
rotated slot
provides
rotation
overcorrection
For efficient
rotation control
the mesiodistal
bracket length
(b) should
equal the
distance ( c )
from slot point (
a) to the tooth's
vertical axis
( d ).
The slot sitting feature to counter mesiodistal tip involves rotating the slot
according to the translation distance
around its facio-lingual axis.
Mesiodistal slot
length ( a ) is less
than the distance
( b ) from the
bracket ( c ) to the
tooths center of
resistance ( d ).
When a mesio
distal force is
applied to a
bracket, the
counter
moment
( CM ) and
moment ( M )
are out of
balance and
the tooth
tends to tip.
Optimal lever
length for
translating a
tooth equals the
distance ( b )
from the tooth
bracket site ( c )
to the tooths
center of
resistance ( d ).
Optimal lever
length produces
a balanced
countermoment
and moment.
Translation occurs
when both the slot and
power arm are
activated.
Together they provide
a counter moment
equal to the moment.
The combined lengths
of the slot ( a ) and
power arm ( e ) equal
the distance ( b )
between the bracket
( c ) and tooths center
of resistance ( d ).
When
translation is
complete the
extra slot
angulation
provides
angulation
overcorrectio
n.
Standard slot
angulation for
maxillary canine
is 11 degree for
canine however
for canine
translation
brackets the
standard slot
angulation is
increased to
13,14 or 15
degree.
Amount of
translation
2mm or less
+2 degree-mesial
-2 degree-distal
More than2mm
but less than
4mm
+3degree-mesial
+4degree-mesial
-3 degree-distal
-4degree-distal
Counter buccolingual
Torque
Partly programmed
appliance
Slot inclination
Slot angulation
Slot prominences
CORE DISCREPANCY
Features
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Andrews explanation
2.
CONCLUSION
Ross et al
References:-
THANK YOU!!