TYPES OF TRANSISTOR

Transistor
is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material usually with at
least three terminals for connection to
an external circuit.

Bipolar Junction Transistor

is an active semiconductor device formed by two PNjunctionswhose function is amplification of an electric
current.Bipolar transistorsare made from 3 sections of
semiconductor material (alternating P-type and N-type),
with 2 resulting P-N junctions.

PNP Bipolar Junction

The other type of BJT, consisting of a layer of Ndopedsemiconductor between two layers of P-doped
material. A small current leaving the base is amplified in
the collector output. That is, a PNP transistor is "on" when
its base is pulledlowrelative to the emitter. In a PNP
transistor, emitter-base region is forward biased, so electric
field and carriers will be generated. They should flow
towards the base junction, but the base part is very thin
and has low conductivity. The reverse-biased collector base
part has generated holes. Thus, due to the electric field,
carriers or electrons get pulled by the holes

NPN Bipolar Junction

is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of Pdopedsemiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers. A small
current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and
emitter current. That is, when there is a positive potential difference
measured from the emitter of an NPN transistor to its base (i.e., when the
base ishighrelative to the emitter) as well as positive potential difference
measured from the base to the collector, the transistor becomes active. In
this "on" state, charge flows between the collector and emitter of the
transistor. Most of the current is carried by electrons moving from emitter
to collector asminority carriersin the P-type base region. To allow for
greater current and faster operation, most bipolar transistors used today
are NPN becauseelectron mobilityis higher thanhole mobility.

Field Effect Transistor

a transistor in which most current is carried along a
channel whose effective resistance can be controlled by a
transverse electric field

Types Of Transistor by Junction

Small Signal Transistor

Small signal transistors are widely used in all segments and for
several applications in almost all equipment.
On/off switches for general use

LED diode driver

Relay driver
Audio mute function

Bias supply circuits

RGB coils driver and Scavem circuits

Timer circuits
High voltage A class preamplifier
Telecom wireline interface circuits

Infrared diode amplifier

Small Switching Transistor

Small Switching Transistors are transistors that are used primarily as
switches but which can also be used as amplifiers.
They come in npn and pnp forms.
As a design note, small switching transistors are used primarily as
switches. Though they may be used as an amplifier, their hFE value
only ranges to about 200, which means they are not capable of the
amplification of small signal transistors, which can have amplification
of up to 500. This makes small switching transistors more useful for
switching, though they may be used as basic amplifiers to provide
gain. When you need more gain, small signal transistors would work
better as amplifiers.

Power Transistor
Power transistors are transistors that are used in high-power amplifiers and
power supplies.
Power transistors are suited for applications where a lot of power is being
used- current and voltage.
The collector of the transistor is connected to a metal base that acts as a heat
sink to dissipate excess power.

High Frequency Transistor

High Frequency (RF) Transistors are transistors that are used for
small signals that run at high frequencies for high-speed switching
applications.
These are transistors that are used for high frequency signals and
must be able to switch on and off at very high speeds.
High frequency transistors are used in HF, VHF, UHF, CATV, and
MATV amplifier and oscillator applications.
They have a maximum frequency rating of about 2000 MHz and
maximum IC currents from 10 to 600mA.
They are available in both NPN and PNP forms.

Photo Transistor
the phototransistor is a semiconductor light sensor formed
from a basic transistor with a transparent cover that
provides much better sensitivity than a photodiode .
Photo transistors are operated in their active regime,
although the base connection is left open circuit or
disconnected because it is not required. The base of the
photo transistor would only be used to bias the transistor
so that additional collector current was flowing and this
would mask any current flowing as a result of the photoaction.

Unijunction Transistor
Unijunction transistors are used extensively in oscillator, pulse
and voltage sensing circuits.
A unijunction transistor (abbreviated as UJT) is a three-terminal
semiconductor switching device. This device has a unique
characteristic that when it is triggered, the emitter current
increasesregenerative until it is limited by emitter power supply.
Due to this characteristic, the unijunctiontransistor can be
employed in a variety of applications e.g., switching, pulse
generator, saw-toothgenerator etc.