Warm-up 10/28

1.
2.

Why are hybrid orbitals important in

explaining molecular geometry?
State the hybridization of the central
atom in the following:
a.

NH2-

b.

CH2O

Pg. 356 #11

Open-note

quiz
Turn in on separate piece of paper
When

finished:

a) turn quiz in on front table

b)start working on topic 9.1 review wshave the front side completed by tomorrow

Redox
Review

Key Review Questions

What

are redox reactions?

How

do you determine which element

has been oxidized and which reduced in
a redox reaction?

How

do you determine the oxidizing

agent? Reducing agent?

Redox Reaction
Type

of chemical reaction in which electrons

are transferred from one substance to another.

Oxidation
Loss

of one or more electrons from a substance

Ex: Fe2+ (aq) Fe3+ (aq) + e

Reduction
Gain

of one or more electrons by a substance

Ex: 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e- H2 (g)

Redox Reactions
Oxidation

and reduction go together-- Whenever a

substance loses electrons and another substance
gains electrons

Oxidation

Numbers are a system that we can use to

keep track of electron transfers

Oxidation Numbers Rules

Oxidation numbers always refer to
single atoms
The oxidation number of an
uncombined element is always 0

O2, H2, Ne

The oxidation number of Hydrogen

is usually +1 Hydrides are an
exception They are -1

HCl, H2SO4

Zn

The oxidation number of Oxygen is H2O, NO2, et

usually -2 Peroxides are an exception
They are 1 In OF2 oxygen is a +2
Oxidation numbers of monatomic
ions follow the charge of the ion

O2-, Zn2+

The sum of oxidation numbers is

zero for a neutral compound. It is
the charge on a polyatomic ion

LiMnO4
SO42-

Warm-up 11/2
Nitric

acid reacts with silver in a redox

reaction.

__ Ag(s) + __ NO3(aq) + ____ __ Ag+(aq) + __ NO(g) +

____

Using

oxidation numbers, deduce the

complete balanced equation for the
reaction showing all the reactants and
products.
(Total 3 marks)

Answer
change

in oxidation numbers: Ag from 0 to

+1 and N from +5 to +2;
Do not penalize missing charges on
numbers.
balanced equation: 3Ag + NO3 + 4H+
3Ag+ + NO + 2H2O
Award [1] for correct reactants and product;
Award [3] for correct balanced equation.
Ignore state symbols.3

This Week
Lab

Due Wednesday

9.1

Quiz Thursday

Review your notes regarding activity

series, redox titrations and Winkler
method (pg.218-225 in book)

Nomenclature (Naming)
Ionic

Compounds

Resulting formula unit must be neutral

Binary compounds
Metal,

nonmetal-ide

Ex: Calcium chloride

Writing

formulas:

Determine the oxidation number (charge) of

the ions and make sure there are enough of
each to make a neutral compound

Metals with multiple ions

Transition

metals can form more than one

type of ion (i.e. lose different amounts of
electrons)

Cu1+, Cu

2+

We

use roman numerals to indicate the

charge

Cu1+ = Copper I ; Cu

Exceptions:

Sc3+

2+

= Copper II

Ag1+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+,

Naming metals with multiple

ions

We can determine their charge by the ionic

formula, and the charge on the nonmetal
Ex. Copper (II) oxide (copper two oxide)

CuO

oxygen has a -2 charge, so it would only take

one Cu2+ to bond with Oxygen.

Ex. Copper (I) oxide

Copper 1+ -we would need two of these to

react with Oxygen so the formula would be:

Cu2O

Examples
Lead

(II) hydroxide Formula?

Pb(OH)2
Cadmium
Cd(NO3)2

nitrate

10/30
Please

write any materials you still need

for your IA

Balancing Redox
Reactions
Many

Redox rxns are complex and difficult to

balance .

A systematic

approach to balancing these

reaction is required.

Balancing Redox
Equations
1.
2.

Divide the equation into 2 half reactionsone for

oxidation, one for reduction.
Balance each half reaction
1. Balance elements other than H and O
2. Balance O by adding H2O as needed
Balance H by adding H+ as needed.(acidic solution)
4. Balance charge by adding e- as needed.
Multiply half reactions by integers so that the # of e- lost in
one reaction = # of e- gained in the other reaction.
Add the two half reactions. Simplify by canceling species
that appear on both sides of the arrow.
Check your work. Make sure that both the atoms and
charges balance
3.

3.
4.
5.

Balancing Redox Equations 1

MnO41- (aq) + C2O42- (aq) Mn2+(aq) + CO2 (g)

MnO41- = oxidizing agent (it is doing the oxidizing to the other substance, but
itself is being reduced).
C2O42- = reducing agent (it is doing the reducing to the other substance, but
itself is being oxidized).

Balancing Redox Equations 2

Cr2O72- (aq) + Cl1- (aq) Cr 3+ (aq) + Cl2 (g)

Cr2O72- = oxidizing agent (it is doing the oxidizing to the other

substance, but itself is being reduced).
Cl- = reducing agent (it is doing the reducing to the other
substance, but itself is being oxidized).

Balancing Redox Equations 3

Cu (s) + NO31- (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + NO2 (aq)

Balancing Redox Equations 4

Mn 2+ (aq) + NaBiO3 (s) Bi 3+ (aq) + MnO4 1- (aq) + Na 1+ (aq)

Warm-up (Super Fast!)

Determine

the oxidation number of Mn

in the following:

MnSO4