The Mole Concept

. . . Quantities in Chemistry

Real Life Quantities

How many shoes do
you have?
I have 26 kg of shoes.
Whats wrong with this
answer?
Mass was given when
quantity was asked
for;
different shoes have
different mass.

How would 26 kg of work boots

differ from 26 kg of sandals?
Work boots are more massive
fewer boots than sandals in 26
kg
What is the fundamental quantity
unit associated with shoes?
A pair2.

Item

Quanti ty
unit

Quantity

dress shoes

pair

eggs

photocopy
paper

Beer

Mass per
quantity
unit

Mass per
individual
unit

1.8 kg

0.9 kg

720 g

2.04 kg

5.28 kg

Why is the mass of a dozen pencils not the

same as the mass of a dozen buses?

One bus is more massive than one pencil.

What does this have to do with

chemistry?
What is the mass of a C atom, in amu?
12 amu
What is the mass of a U atom, in amu?
238 amu
Explain why it is NOT possible to
determine the mass, in grams, of an
individual atom by simply weighing that
atom on a balance.

In chemistry, the MOLE (mol) is the

fundamental unit of

QUANTITY.

the details . . .
1.

1.00 mol contains 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms,

molecules, ions . . . it depends what were talking
about). This value is known as the
Avogadro constant (number).
Think of this as the chemists dozen.

We use 6.02 x 1023 particles per mole instead of 12

particles per dozen.
Avogadro constant = 6.02E23 particlesmol-1

If you want to get technical . . .

The mole is the SI base unit for the amount of
substance (symbol: mol).
The mole is the amount of substance of a system
which contains as many elementary entities as
there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12.
e
When thmole is used, the elementary entities must
be specified and may be atoms, molecules,
ions ...

How Big is the Avogadro Constant?

Imagine that you have $ 6.02E23.
The catch: You must spend all the $$ at a
rate of 1 billion dollars per second.
(ie. $1 x 109/second)
How long will it take you to spend the $$ ?
Take a guess.
Answer in units of years.
Get busy.

Answer to the question

Calculate number of seconds in a year:
(60 s/min)*(60 min/hr)*(24 hr/day)*(365 day/yr)
= 31 536 000 s/yr
(6.02E23 dollars)/(1E9 dollars/s) = 6.02E14 s
6.02E14 s/(31 536 000 s/yr) > 19 million years!!!
Start spending!!!

 To a chemist, 1 mol of a substance refers to

6.02E23 units (atoms, molecules, formula
units) of that substance. It doesnt matter if
that substance is H2O or Fe or KCl.
cf. 1 dozen refers to a quantity of 12, whether
youre referring to flower pots or bull
elephants. A dozen always means 12.
It gets easier . . .

2. The mass of 1 mol of C atoms = 12 g (1

mol of C atoms = 6.02 x 1023 atoms) The
mass of 1 C atom = 12 amu.
The mass of 1 molecule of H20 = 18 amu.
The mass of 1 mol of H2O molecules = 18 g.
Simply add the masses of the constituent
atoms, in grams, to get the molar mass
of a compound.

What is the mass, in amu, of 1 CO2 molecule?

44 amu
What is the mass of 1 mol of CO2?
44 g
How many formula units of NaCl are
contained in 1 mol of NaCl?
6.02E23 fu/mol NaCl
What is molar mass of NaCl?
58.5 g

What is the mass, in g, of 1 water molecule?

18 g =
6.02E23 molecules
? g=
1 molecule
cross multiplying gives
? = (18 g)/6.02E23 molecules
? = 3.0E-23 g/molecule
1 H20 molecule has mass of 3.0E-23 g or
1 H20 molecule has mass of 18 amu.

3. The molar volume of any gas at 25oC,

100 kPa (Standard Atmospheric Temp and
Pressure, SATP) is 24.8 L.
This is true for ALL gaseous compounds as
well as atomic gases (eg. He), gaseous
molecules (eg. CH4) and mixtures (eg. air).
This does not apply to liquids, solids or
solutions.

For example:
1.00 mol CO2(g) occupies a volume of
24.8 L under conditions of SATP.
(or 22.4 L at STP0oC, 101.3 kPa)
1.00 mol of Xe(g) occupies a volume of
24.8 L under conditions of SATP.

Lets use methane, CH4(g) to put it

all together . . .
1.00 mol methane, CH4:
contains 6.02E23 ___________ of CH4
molecules
contains _______ individual atoms
5 atoms/molecule*( 6.02E23) atoms = 30.1E23
atoms
because 1 molecule of CH4 is made up of 5 atoms
(1C atom + 4H atoms = 5 atoms)
has a mass of _______
16 g (use periodic table.)

1.00 mol CH4(g):

occupies a volume of ______ at SATP
24.8L
(SATP = 25oC, 100 kPa), [or 22.4 L at
STP(0oC, 101.3 kPa)], since it is a gas
under these conditions.

Try this:
You have 79.3 g of NH3(g). Express this in
a) moles
b) number of molecules
c) number of atoms
d) volume at SATP
Answers: 4.66 mol; 2.80E24 molecules;
1.12E25 atoms; 115 L (@SATP)

and this . . .
You have 8.37E25 molecules of SO2(g).
Convert this to
a) moles
b) mass
c) volume @ SATP
d) total # atoms
Answers: 139 mol; 8.91E3 g;
3.45E3 L (SATP); 2.51E26 atoms total

Homework
Mole practice problem handout (posted)
OR
p 174 PP 10, 11
p 177 PP 13 18 (try a few)
p 178 PP 19 22 (try a few)
p 179 SR 1 8, 10