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PERCEPTION

Perception is the process by which


individuals organize and interpret
their sensory impressions in order
to give meaning to their
environment.

However what we perceive can be


substantially different from objective
reality.
For Ex: All employees in an
organisation view it as a great place
to work but it cannot be same for all.
Infosys and TCS.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE


PERCEPTION
The factors reside in the:
1. PERCEIVER: The object/
somebody who perceives.
2. TARGET: Being perceived/ who is
perceived.
3. SITUATION: In which perception
is made.

Factors that influence


Perception

WHEN YOU LOOK AT


TARGET AND ATTEMPT TO
PERCEIVE

Your interpretation is influenced by


your personal characteristics:
FOR EX: you expect
1.Police Office to be authoritative
2.Young people to be lazy
3.People holding public office to be
unscrupulous.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGET CAN


AFFECT WHAT WE PERCEIVE
Loud people are more likely to be
noticed in a group than quiet ones.

CONTEXT(situation) IS
IMPORTANT TOO
The time at which you see an object
or event can influence your
attention.
The time at which we see an object or
event can influence our attention.
For Ex: At wedding you may not notice
people dressed to the nines(dressed
flamboyantly or smartly), than
otherwise you will on the other days.

PERSON PERCEPTION
Making judgments about others.
People perception about each other.

ATTRIBUTION THEORY

(PERSON

PERCEPTION)
ATTRIBUTION THEORY tries to explain the ways in which we
judge people differently, depending on the meaning we
attribute to a given behaviour.
An attempt to determine whether an individuals behaviour
is internally or externally caused.
1. INTERNALLY caused behaviour is that which we believe to
be under our control.
2. EXTERNALLY caused behaviour is that which we imagine
the situation forced the individual to do.
When an employee is late, you might attribute that to his
late night partying and then over sleeping, this is internal
attribution.
Whereas, If you attribute it to automobile accident or traffic,
this is an external attribute.

ATTRIBUTION THEORY
conti
Whether its internal attribute or external attribute
depends upon the following three factors:
1.Distinctiveness: whether an individual display
different behaviour in different situations. Is the
employee who arrives late also blows away the
commitments. If this behaviour is unusual then
this is external attribution. Otherwise its internal
attribution.
2.Consensus: If everyone who faces the same
situation responds the same way, the behaviour
shows consensus.
3.Consistency: consistency in persons actions. If
an employee always reach before time and never
gets late, is he able to maintain that!

PERCEPTION PROCESS
ReceivingStimuli Picking up all external and
internal factors.
SelectingStimuli Selecting the stimuli which will
be most important This is where the introduction
of new employees is important, they need to be
presented in a way where the selected stimuli are
positive.
Organising Grouping and selecting which are
the perceptions to keep.
Interpreting Fundamental Attribution Error,
stereotyping, Halo Effect and projection.
Response The perception is then turned into
attitudes, motivation, feelings and beliefs, which
will change the behaviours of the individuals.

COMMON SHORTCUTS IN
JUDGING OTHERS
1. Selective perception: On the basis of
ones interests, background, experience.
2. Halo effect: On the basis of single
characteristics.
3. Contrast effect: Evaluation being
affected by what other people
encountered.
4. Stereotyping: On the basis of group
which he belongs to.

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