INTRODUCTION TO SETTLEMENT

PLANNING
TOPIC :- URBAN RENEWAL

SUBMITTED TOAR. VIRESH JHALANI

AR.PRAGYA JAIN

SUBMITTED BYAKSHI GIRDHAR

MOHIT KUMAWAT
RAHUL JOTWANI
SEC B , VII SEM.

URBAN RENEWAL definition

Urban
renewal is
redevelopment.

program

of

land

Urban renewal involves the relocation of businesses, the

demolition of structures, the relocation of people, and the
use
of eminent domain (government
purchase
of
property for public purpose) as a legal instrument to take
private property for city-initiated development projects.

Over time, it has evolved into a policy based less on

destruction and more on renovation and investment
The purpose of urban renewal is to improve specific
areas of a city that are poorly developed or
underdeveloped. These areas can have old
deteriorated buildings and bad streets and utilities or
the areas can lack streets and utilities altogether

B. What is an Urban Renewal Agency?

Urban renewal agencies are created by state law but are specifically
activated by the governing body. The agencies are separate legal bodies
from the governing body, but in most cases the urban renewal agency board is
composed of members of the governing body.

C. What are Urban Renewal Plans?

To undertake urban renewal projects with tax increment financing, the
projects must be authorized in an Urban Renewal Plan. The plan applies to
a specific geographic area of the city, which is called the Urban Renewal
Area.

D. What Can Happen Under An Urban Renewal Plan?

Urban renewal agencies can do certain projects or activities under an adopted
urban renewal plan. These activities include:
1. Construction or improvement of streets, utilities and other public
uses.
Urban renewal also commonly funds parks, plazas and pedestrian facilities. These urban
renewal projects are aimed at making areas attractive and ready for private
investment.
2. Urban Renewal Report Contents
The urban renewal report must contain detailed information on conditions within the urban
renewal area, the schedule for urban renewal projects, and the impacts on affected taxing
districts.

UNDERSTANDING URBAN RENEWAL

The term Urban renewal means
rebirth or regeneration of a city or a
part
of planning
it whichconcept
has been
plagued
by
The
originated
in England
theand
ills America.
of urbanization

Decayed parts of the city were demolished

and rebuilt.

These programs were thrust upon the city

and its people and were criticized and halted
on opposition by organized community
movements.
The urban renewal programs taken up later,
involved greater participation of the
communities
Key aspects -sustainability and inclusiveness

INDIAN CONTEXT
Indian cities have a history that dates back
to centuries
In the last century cities faced a major
unprecedented force of urbanization which
ripped them
They have grown exponentially
Their administration has not been able cope
up with rapid urbanization
The age old infrastructure is weakened and
decayed leading to degeneration of the core
areas in the city.
Cities which have survived centuries are now
at critical stage.
Concept of Urban Renewal To provide life to
the dying city.

WHY URBAN RENEWAL?

The triggers: Effective functioning of Administrative towns
( state HQ, District HQ)

To accommodate an event of magnitude.

(Asian games, Common Wealth Games in Delhi, Tri
Centenary Celebrations of consecration of the Guru
Granth Sahib at Nanded)

Necessity due to natural /man-made

calamity
(Earthquake in Bhuj, Plague in Surat)

Obsolescence of land uses

(Shifting of manufacturing industries )

Market driven change of land use

(Commercialization of Girgaum,Parel areas of Mumbai)

To conserve historic monuments/

environment.
( Areas around theTaj mahal precinct )

WHERE URBAN RENEWAL IS REQUIRED?

Urban renewal is required for
Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city,
not providing the city its full potential
and becoming a health hazard
In built form it consists of old area of
the city, congested area around transit
points, illegal settlements needing
redevelopment
In terms of infrastructure - measures
for efficient and smooth movement of
traffic, improvement of transportation
network, provision /improvement of
utilities.

JNNURM

In India the need to infuse vibrancy and

rejuvenate cites was recognized in 2005
and the Central Government launched the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNURM)

Launched to encourage cities to initiate

steps for bringing phased improvements in
their civic service levels

Initiative to redevelop towns and cities by

developing infrastructure, carrying out
municipal reforms and providing aid to the
state governments and the urban local
bodies (ULBs)

EXISTING PROVISIONS AIMED AT URBAN RENEWAL

The Maharashtra Regional & Town Planning

(M.R.&.T.P.) Act, 1966 has provisions to take up
urban renewal / redevelopment in an area of
the city under the
Comprehensive Area Development Scheme

Town Planning Schemes

Other area specific tools

Slum Redevelopment & Rehabilitation
(SRA) Act,
Special provisions for cluster
development.

SCENARIO IN MUMBAI
REDEVELOPMENT

ON

FREE

HOLD

LAND IN MUMBAI
REDEVELOPMENT

OF

MHADAs

HOUSING SCHEMES
CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT

BULK LANDS

TOD

TRANSIT

DEVELOPMENT

ORIENTED

DENSIFICATION VERSUS DECONGESTION

DENSIFICATION
Optimize high value land redevelopment,
promote higher FSI and hence densification
DECONGESTION
A diametrically opposite view - decongesting the
area.
shifting the residents to other locations and redesignating land
A change in use /zone will make this location
most prime, resulting in land use
transformation
Gentrification is part of natural process of city
development
A forced relocation is one alternative. In small
parts and scale the same is achieved through
SRA

EFFECT OF CHANGE OF LAND USE

Thane experience
The city had an economic base in the
industrial estate and industries along its
periphery. However with passing years there is
a decline in the manufacturing sector and shift
towards service sector. Thus of industrial land
was converted to residential
Mulund experience
A change of land use was witnessed in 90s
along LBS Road in the area between Mulund
and Thane. Most of these industries shifted
out and land was converted to residential. The
new development consists of shopping malls
and high end residential apartments. T.Nagar,
Chennai experience
The redevelopment project of the Tyagraj
Nagar areacovering 6.86 sq.km. was
conceived by the Chennai Corporation for
development area into a world class shopping
destination
Stakeholders questioned the same

CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT IN
A RAY OF HOPE
The
Bhendi
Bazar
cluster
redevelopment project is arguably
one of the most ambitious urban
renewal schemes Mumbai has seen.
It aims to turn one of the city's most
congested
and
ramshackle
neighbourhoods, into a swank, new
green precinct.
The proposal was to work with 3,200
homes and 1,200 shops located in
250 buildings and convert these into
eight clusters of 40-storey buildings,
all of them green.

THE WAY FORWARD

The recipe for success

Formulation of aims and objectives for the

entire city

Identification of areas/ sectors requiring

attention

Strategizing to implement the objectives

Having action plans and tasks well defined for

the focus areas/ sectors

Thus a holistic approach would go a long way in

fulfilling the objective of urban renewal

ARE THERE STATUTORY LIMITATIONS ON URBAN RENEWAL?

Existing statutes limit the scope and size of urban renewal plans and require a thorough public
process for adopting or making major changes to urban renewal plans.
For cities with over 50,000 people, urban renewal areas cannot include more than 15% the land
area or 15% of the assessed value of the municipality.
For cities with less than 50,000 people the limits are 25% of land area and assessed value.
Adoption or major changes of an urban renewal plan require that the city consult and confer
with affected taxing districts, present the plan or amendment to the planning commission and
adopt the plan or change by non emergency ordinance.
Notice of the hearing on adoption of the plan or amendment must sent to each individual
household within the city.
Once adopted an urban renewal plan area cannot be increased by more than 20% of the
original size. Expanding the area by more than 1% involves the same public process as the
original adoption of the plan.
Every urban renewal plan has a limit on the amount of tax increment debt used to finance the
plan. Increasing this maximum indebtedness also involves the same public process as the
original adoption of the plan.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban

Renewal Mission
Transforming Transportation
26th January 2012

Urban Challenge ..

Urban systems and challenges

Urban
system

2nd largest urban system globally

Urban population - 320 million (2011) Towns (nos.) : 5,161

Million + cities
:
35
Urban decadal GR : 25% - 30%
100,000 + cities:
423
GDP contribution:
50% +

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

.. a break from the past and integrated approach

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Two track strategy for the urban sector development
Track-I

Track-II

Sub Mission for Urban Infrastructure

and Governance

Urban Infra. Dev. Scheme for

Small & Medium Towns

Sub Mission for Basic Services

for the Urban Poor

Integrated Housing & Slum Dev.

Program

Coverage- 65 cities
Cities/UAs with 4 million + population
Cities with 1 million + population
State Capitals and other Cities
30

07
28

Coverage- all other cities

Mission Objective and Coverage

Planned development
Integrated development
of infrastructure
Linkages between asset
creation & asset
management
Ensuring adequate

PORBANBAR

investment of funds
Scaling up delivery of
services and emphasis
on universal access
Renewal of inner city
areas

THIRUPATI

Salient Features
Cities are required to prepare City Development
Plans (Vision Documents) as participatory
frameworks for
Infrastructure planning and prioritization, and
Framing urban reform agendas

Funding support for infrastructure is linked to

reforms
Cities and State need to enter into Memorandum of Agreement
with Government of India to implement urban reforms in order to
access JNNURM funds

Urban Infrastructure Projects are prepared and

executed by the Cities
Cities are provided funding assistance for implementing urban

Eligible projects

Urban Renewal
Water Supply
Sewerage & Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Storm Water Drains
Urban Transport
Parking spaces (through PPP)
Development of heritage areas
Preservation of water bodies
Prevention & rehabilitation of soil erosion

Urban Sector Reforms

State level
Mandatory
Classificati
on of
reforms

ULB level
Optional

State/ULB
level

All reforms have to be completed within the Mission period,

as per an agreed timeline MoA .
24

Reforms (1)
Adoption of modern accrual-based double entry
system of accounting
Introduction of a system of e-governance using IT
applications
Reform of property tax so that it becomes a major
source of revenue for the city
Arrangements for its effective implementation so
that collection efficiency reaches at least 85 per
cent within next seven years.
Levy of reasonable user charges with the
objective that the full cost of O&M or recurring
cost is collected within the next seven years
Internal earmarking in the budgets for basic
services to the urban poor.

Reforms (2)

Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval

process for buildings, etc.
Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks
for conversion of agricultural land to nonagricultural purposes
Introduction of Property Title Certification System
Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in
all housing projects for EWS and LIG category
Introduction of computerized process for
registration of land and property
Revision of byelaws to make rain-water
harvesting mandatory in all buildings and
Byelaws for reuse of recycled water
Encouraging PPP

Sector breakup
7 2
20

Water supply
Solid waste

Urban Transport

27

63

Sewarage

Drainage

Progress of Reforms- State Level

Category

Name of States

Number

Achieved all

West Bengal, Maharashtra, Madhya

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Kerala

Performing well
(above 50%)

Slow moving (below

50%)

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,

Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana,
Karnataka, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu, Tripura,

Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Goa,

Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim,
Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya,
Punjab, Puducherry,
Uttarakhand,
Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand

11

14

Progress of Reforms- ULB Level

Category

Number

Achieved all

16

Performing well

23

Slow moving

24
29

Key Issues in Implementation

Lack of capacity of the ULBs :

Dealing with delivery of specialized services such as fire services
and planning and Urban forestry many states have not
transferred these functions
Lack of Political support in some areas :
Implementation of urban planning, rent control and Community
participation law require considerable political support
Political consensus is also required for levy of property tax, doing
away with exemptions, periodic surveys and improving
administration of ULBs to enhance coverage and collection.
Resistance from states/ULBs to implement reforms:
Resistance on account of loss of revenue due to stamp duty
reduction
Resistance to levy of user charges for solid waste as in many states
it is recovered under property tax ;
People are reluctant to pay additional user charge as it is
considered as an obligatory responsibility of the ULB hence

Peer Experience and Reflective Learning

(PEARL)
An initiative for knowledge sharing among cities
launched
Objective: To create manageable networks between
JNNURM cities for cross learning and knowledge
sharing
Progress so far: 5 groups have been formed A: Mega Cities with global character in socioeconomic profile,
B: Major industrial cities,
C: Mixed economy cities
D: Cultural and religious cities,
E: Hill and environmentally sensitive cities

Major Impact

Firmly established a focus on the

development of cities
Strong focus on cities taking
responsibility

Lessons learnt

Need to build capacity before launching such

a huge program
Special emphasis to hand hold lagging states
needed financial incentives not enough
Sustained focus on reforms can be difficult
needs the right visionaries political
pressures on the investments

Purpose of AMRUT
The National Priority is to create
infrastructure

to provide basic services to

households, and
build amenities
This will improve the quality of life of all,
especially the poor and the disadvantaged.
The infrastructure should lead to provision of
better services to people.

Coverage
Five hundred (500) cities
having a population greater than one lakh
(100,000)
Some cities situated on stems of main
rivers
a few capital cities
important cities located in hilly areas,
islands and tourist areas.

AMRUTs Attributes
Cooperative federalism- Freedom to
States/ULBs to design and implement.
Service Delivery Focus on infrastructure that
leads to delivery of services to citizens.
Reforms Incentivised 10% incentive for
Achievement of Reforms.
Capacity building strategy.
O&M of infrastructure built-in at Planning
stage itself.
Focus on Planning before hand

Service Level Improvement Plans (SLIP),

State Annual Action Plan (SAAP).

Approach

AMRUT adopts a project approach to ensure basic infrastructure services relating to

water supply,
sewerage,
septage management,
storm water drains,
transport and
development of green spaces and parks
Mission linked to promotion of urban reforms
e-governance,
constitution of professional municipal cadre,
devolving funds
functions to urban local bodies,
review of Building bye-laws,
improvement in assessment
collection of municipal taxes,
credit rating of urban local bodies,
energy and water audit
citizen-centric urban planning

Components
Infrastructure

Water supply
Sewerage network
Septage management
Storm water drainage
Urban Transport
Green spaces and parks
Non- infrastructure
Reforms
Capacity Building

Infrastructure Indicators
Water Supply
1. Household level coverage of direct water supply connections
2. Per capita quantum of water supplied
3. Quality of water supplied

Sewerage & Septage Management

1.
2.
3.
4.

Coverage of latrines (individual or community)

Coverage of sewerage network services
Efficiency of Collection of Sewerage
Efficiency in treatment

Drainage
1. Coverage of storm water drainage network

Urban Transportation
1. Service coverage of urban transport in the city
2. Availability of urban transport per 1000 population

Reforms
The Mission mandates a set of 11 reforms which have
to be implemented by all the States and Mission cities.
Each year some Reforms to be implemented
Technical and Financial assistance will be given for
Reform implementation.
10% has been set aside as incentives for States/ULBs
graded on basis of each years reform achievement.

List of Reforms
S.No.

Reform

E-Governance

Constitution and Professionalization of Municipal Cadre

Augmenting Double Entry Accounting

Urban Planning and City Development Plans

Devolution of Funds and Function

Review of Building by-laws

Set-up financial intermediary at State level

8(a)

Municipal tax and fees Improvement

8(b)

Improvement in levy and collection of user charges

Credit Rating

10

Energy and Water Audit

Capacity Building
Capacity Building is part of the SLIP and SAAP
Components of Capacity Building Plan
Individual Capacity Building Plan MoUD will
provide a list of training institutions and
States can link to cities.
to enhance the functional knowledge,
improve the job related skills, and
change the attitude of municipal
functionaries
Institutional Capacity Building Plan
to improve institutional outcomes as set out
in Reforms Agenda

Inadmissible Components
Purchase of land for projects
Staff Salaries
Power
Telecom
Health
Education
Wages employment programmes and staff components