Ball Bearing Manufacturing

Basic Knowledge

Fitrun Bearing Co., Ltd.

Made by: Kenneth Huang
November 2012
http://www.FitrunBearing.co

Contents
. Bearing MFG Basic Process
. Bearing Material
. Forging Process
. Turning Process
. Heat Treatment
. Grinding Process
. Bearing Assembly

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. Bearing MFG Basic Process

Bearing Ring (Outer and Inner)
Material
Assemble

Forging

Turning

Heat Treatment

Grinding

Roller
Material
Assemble

Turning

Heat Treatment

Grinding

Cage (Brass Cage)

Material
Assemble

Casting

Turning

Milling

Deburring

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. Bearing Material
Bearing Ring and Roller Material
NO

Material Performance

Common Material:
High-carbon chromium bearing steel:

High surface load capacity

Good abrasion resistance

High elastic limit

Good hardness

Toughness

Abrasion and corrosive resistance bearing steel

Good size stability

Heat resistance bearing steel

Good rust resistance

Good processing performance

Gcr15 Gcr15SiMn

Other Material:
Carburized bearing steel

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Bearing Cage Material

Non-ferrous metal:
Brass HPb59-1,

bronze QAL10-3-1.5,

Aluminum alloy LY11CZ

Ferrous Metal:
Quality carbon steel thin plate

Non-metal:
Engineering nylon, Phenolic adhesive

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. Forging
Forging is the preliminary processing of bearing ring making, its also
named blank processing.
The main purposes of bearing ring forging processing are:
1. To obtain the semi-finished ring which is similar with the bearing, so as to
enhance the efficient of metal material and reduce the mechanical machining
work, and at last to save the cost of production.
2. To eliminate the inner defect of metal, improve metal organized system, so as to
make the metal be with proper streamline distribution and with good
compactness, and at last to enhance the life span of bearings.
Hot Forging metal is heated to be above the crystallization temperature
widely used.

Forging

Cold Forging metal is forged in the room temperature

barely used.

Warm Forging metal is forged in the temperature between hot forging and
cold forging
in test period.

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Bearing Ring Forging Procedure

Material
Air Hammer
Heating

Cutting

Heating

Press

Staving
Machine

Shaper

Anneal

Plain Forging
Machine
800 1100

800 1100

Semifinished
Products

780 810

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. Turning
Turning is for semi-finished bearing ring and roller, its also called
forming process.

The main purposes of turning:

1. To make the bearing ring and roller be the same shape with the finished
products.
2. To create good condition for the coming grinding processing.

Turning

Integrated Processing: to finish all the turning procedure in one

machine --- suitable for small quantity production.
Distributed Processing: to finish only one turning procedure
in one machine --- suitable for large quantity production.

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Bearing Ring Turning Process

semifinished
ring

inner
face

Outer
face

grinding

marking

roller
rail

oil
groove

Chamfer

Semifinished
products

Roller Turning Process

Steel
Material

Outer
Face

Cutting

Outer
Face

Curvature

Chamfer

Semifinished
Products

Usually, the equipments used are specially for bearing processing, and
are arranged according to the distributed procedure follow.

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. Heat Treatment
Heat treatment is the key processing procedure to
enhance the bearing inner quality.

The main purposes of heat treatment:

1. To change the material structure through treat treatment so as to enhance its
mechanical performance.
2. To enhance the bearing inner quality (abrasive resistance, toughness, etc), so as to
enhance the bearing life span.

Bearing ring and roller heat treatment process

Semifinished
ring

quenching

800 840

cleaning

tempering

2nd quenching

Quenched semifinished products

190 210

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. Grinding
Grinding is the final processing of bearing ring and roller, it is called finished product
processing.

The main purposes of grinding process:

1. To make the bearing ring and roller be in accordance with the design requirements
in size and shape precision.
2. To prepare qualified rings and rollers for bearing assembly.

Grinding

Normally, its processed by distributed procedure; or the machines can

be connected to integrate into a production line by material loading and
unloading equipments so as to enhance the production efficient.

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Bearing Ring Grinding Process

Quenched semifinished ring

Facing

Inner or
Outer
Diameter

Roller
Channel

Tempering

Roller
Channel
Grinding

Outer
Diameter

Finished
Ring for
ASSY

Roller Grinding Process

Quenched semifinished roller

Facing

Outer
Diameter

Vibrating
Finishing

Finished roller
for assembly

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. Bearing Assembly
Bearing assembly is the final process of bearing manufacturing;
it has very important effect to the bearing performance.

The main purposes of bearing assembly:

1. To assemble the finished components (out rings, inner rings, rollers and cages) into
finished bearings.
2. To assemble the finished components into a variety of precisions, clearances and
special requirements of bearings according to different technological requirements.

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Bearing Assembly Process

Finished inner ring
and outer ring

Finished roller

Bore diameter, outer

diameter and thickness
inspection.
Cosmetic Inspection

Inner ring and outer ring roller rail

inspection and size selection.
Roller diameter
size selection
Final
Inspection

Cleaning

Inner ring and outer ring

roller rail inspection and
size selection.

Roller diameter size selection

Match clearance
Assemble
Cage

Anti-rust
Treatment

Vacuum Inner
Packaging

Outer
Packaging

Final
Inspection

Warehouse storage
or shipping

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Above is the simple presentation of bearing manufacture basic

knowledge. Hope you have had a preliminary knowledge of bearing
manufacture.
Bearing manufacture has many processing procedures and requires
high machining precision even though the bearing is just common
standard component. In order to produce high quality and high
precision bearing products to meet customers requirements, in
addition to above work mentioned, we still have a lot of work to do as
a ball bearing manufacturer .
We, Fitrun Bearing Co., Ltd., will keep hard working to exceed
customers expectation. Our main bearing products are: deep groove
ball bearing, flanged ball bearing and thrust ball bearing. They are
miniature sizes from BD of 1m to 12mm, and OD of 3mm to 40mm.

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