ADITIVOS

Tecnologia de
los Polimeros

ADITIVOS
Por qu voy a usar el aditivo?
Qu fenmeno fsico o qumico esta ocurriendo?
En lo general los aditivos debern tener las siguientes
caractersticas.
1.- Ellos debern ser eficientes en su funcin.
2.- Ellos debern ser estables bajo las condiciones de proceso.
3.- Ellos debern ser estables bajo las condiciones de servicio.
4.- Ellos no debern sangrar o migrar.
5.- Ellos debern ser no txicos y no impartir olor y sabor.
6.- Ellos debern ser baratos.
7.- Ellos no debern afectar adversamente las propiedades del
polmero.

Polymer Additives
Part I. Mechanical Property Modifiers
Materials, both inorganic and organic, that are added to polymers to
modify their properties, thus making them more suitable for industrial
and consumer applications.
They also represent an important element of the industrial or polymer
chemistry
curriculum. Some additives play dual roles; for example, plasticizers may
be used to impart flexibility to the finished product or to reduce the
polymer's melt viscosity during processing. Additives may he completely
miscible with the polymer or-in the case of fillers and fiber reinforcerseompletely immiscible. Most surface property modifiers have limited
solubility; hence, they migrate to the polymer surface where their
properties are manifested. Some additives antioxidants or ultraviolet
stabilizers, for example are used in relatively low concentration, while
others, notably fillers, reinforcing fibers, and plasticizers, usually represent
a significant percentage of the finished polymer formulation.
Rarely do polymers contain a single additive. Usually a combination of
ingredients is desirable.

Approximately 5.0x109 kg of plastics additives (1993) are produced

annually in the United States, which amounts to about 19 kg of
additives per 100 kg of polymer consumed.
(2000-6.6; 2010-8.9)
Fillers about 58% of all additives used on a weight basis, followed by
plasticizers (16%), reinforcing agents (10%), flame retardants (6%)
and coloring agents (5%).
The additives listed in Table 1 are those currently in widespread
commercial use. Future years will see other types of additives as
products now in development gain market acceptance. Dopants that
increase the electrical conductivity of conjugated polymers (32, 33)
are a case in point. Additives that promote polymer degradation for
controlled-release applications (34,35) or microlithography (17), or
for reducing the volume of plastics waste also are likely candidates
for new developments and growth. Furthermore, increasing concern
over possible toxicological effects of polymer additives in the
environment, worker exposure, and problems arising ,during polymer
recycling.

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