Reaction of Alcohol

Oleh:
Hafidhotul ilma
Mambaul khoirot

Esterification
Esterification is the reaction of free fatty
acids with alkyl alcohol to form fatty
acid esters and water as shown in the
following chemical reaction :
R COOH + R OH
R COO R +
H2O
It is an endothermic reaction. This
process is usually carried out in the
presence of acid catalysts such as H 2SO4,
H3PO4 and sulfonic acid.

 To shift the equilibrium of the

esterification towards the desired
alkyl ester, one of the reactant,
usually the alcohol is fed in excess
and product water is continuously
removed respectively during the
reaction. Generally water is
eliminated chemically, physically, or
by pervaporation.

Esterification of Palmitic Acid with Methanol in the

presence of Macroporous ion Exchange Resin as
Catalyst

There are many solid catalysts reported in the literature for

esterification reactions. Cation exchange resin is the most
commonly used solid acid catalyst in organic reactions. Ion
exchange resins have been used in esterification and hydrolisis of
methyl acetate in a catalytic distillation column.

Eco-friendly esterification of Oxalic acid with

Ethanol using Mesoporous MgAlPO4 Catalyst

In the conventional method of synthesis of oxalates,

organic solvents, strong acids and precious metals such as
Pd, Pt, Rh etc. supported catalysts are used to enhance the
esterification . These types of catalysts are very costly,
unrecyclable and also generates unhealthy environment.

Metal substituted mesoporous AlPO4 are the emerging

heterogeneous catalysts used in the number of synthetic
organic. The high thermal stability and acidic nature of
these materials make several acid catalysed organic
reactions possible. Thus, in this present investigation,
magnesium substituted aluminophosphate has been
employed as a solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of
industrially useful esters of oxalic acid.

Material and Methods

Esterification reaction was carried out in a batch

reactor fitted with a reflux condenser and a
thermometer. The ethanol and oxalic acid mixture
was added with MgAlPO4 catalyst.
reaction products were separated from solid
MgAlPO4 catalyst by filtration and the product was
analyzed by gas chromatography (Chemito 1000).
The effect of reaction conditions of the reactants
were studied to optimise the maximum ethanol
conversion and product selectivity.

Schematic representation of formation of monoethyl

and diethyl oxalate using MgAlPO4 catalyst

DEHIDRATION REACTION
OF ALCOHOL

What is
dehidration
reaction ?

What Is Dehydration
Reaction ?

dehydration reaction is usually

defined as a reaction involving
the release of water from the
reacting molecule. Dehydration
reaction is a subset of
elimination reactions. Because
the hydroxyl group (OH) is a
poor leaving group, giving
Brnsted acid catalyst often
helps protonation of hydroxyl
groups, making it a good leaving

Conversion of alcohols into

alkenes
R-CH2-CHOH-R R-CH = CH-R +
H2O

Mechanism for the dehydration of

ethanol to ethylene.

Ethylene is the primary component in

most plastics, making it economically
valuable. It is produced primarily by
steam-cracking of hydrocarbons, but
can alternatively be produced by the
dehydration of ethanol, which can be
produced from fermentation processes
using renewable substrates such as
glucose, or starch.

CONVERSION OF
ALCOHOLS INTO ETHER:
2 R-OH R-O-R + H2O

Dimethyl ether (DME), which is an excellent green

diesel-fuel alternate with excellent clean burning
properties, is synthesized by dehydration of methanol
over novel solid acid catalysts, which are synthesized
following a direct hydrothermal route and using
silicotungstic acid (STA) as the active compound.
These mesoporous silicate structured catalysts have
surface area values of 108-393 m2/g, depending upon
their W/Si ratio. These catalysts showed very high
methanol dehydration activity and also very high DME
selectivity values, approaching 100%. The STA-SiO2
mesoporous nanocomposite catalyst having a W/Si
atomic ratio of 0.33 showed the highest activity, with
a DME selectivity over 99% and a methanol
conversion over 60%, at 250C and at a space time of
0.27 s.g.cm3. Effects of W/Si atomic ratio, calcination
temperature and the synthesis procedure on the
catalytic performance of these novel mesoporous
catalytic materials were investigated.

Methanol dehydration reactions

were carried out in a flow system
between 180- 350C, with the TRC62(L), TRC-75(L), TRC-82(L) and
TRC-92(L) catalysts.

Reference

A.Q. Yakoob and S Bhatia, 2004, Esterification of Palmitic Acid with

Methanol in the presence of Macroporous ion Exchange Resin as
Catalyst, IIUM Engineering Journal, 5 (2).
Murugan R Devi and Chellapandian Kannan, 2013, Eco-friendly
esterification of Oxalic acid with Ethanol using Mesoporous
MgAlPO4 Catalyst, International Journal of Research in Chemistry
and Environment, 3 (4) 20-23.
Margaret Jevnik Gentles, Jane B. Moss, Hershel L. Herzog, and E. B.
Hershberg, 1958, The Dienol-Benzene Rearrangement. Some
Chemistry of 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-dione, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
80(14): 37023705.
Denise F.; Der-Jong D.; Ho Shing W, 2012, Ethylene Formation by
Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol with Industrial Considerations ,
Available online: http//www.mdpi.com/journal/materials. Accessed
on 4 Desember 2013.
G. BAGHERI MARANDI, A. POURJAVADI* and H. HOSSEINZADEH,
2012, Solvent-free Dehydration of Alcohols using LiCl-acidic
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