are Filipinos?

Asian in Race
Blend of east & west

Negrito 10%
Indonesian 30%
Malay 40%
Chinese 10%
Indian 8%
European & American 3%
Arab 2%

First used to define a Spaniard who was born

in the islands
Indio

a non-Spaniard
Mestizo product of mixed marriages
Castila who came from Spain

Anyone who was citizen of the Philippine

Island, whether they were Asian Westerner or
Half-breed
Pinoys

modern term

Muslims of Mindanao
Ifugao, Igorots, Bontoks, Apayaos, Benguets,
Kalingas of Mountain Province
Mangyans of Mindoro
Tagbanuas of Palawan
Bagobos, Manobos, Isamals & Subanuns of
Mindanao
Badjaos of Sulu Sea
Negritos

According to the Commission on Population (POPCOM) of the

Philippines, the estimated total population of the Philippines this
year 2014 (January 2) is98,909,981.
Likewise, the total estimated population of the Philippines in year
2013 according to the CIA is about105,720,644(July 2013
estimate).
According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the estimated
total population of the Philippines in 2012 is about103,775,002.

55 Languages
142 Dialects
Cebuana

24.39%
Tagalog 23.82%
Ilocano
Hiligaynon
Bicolano
Waray
Kapampangan
Pangasinan

Only nation in Asia who speak English & Spanish

3rd largest English-speaking nation in the world
English and Filipino is use as a medium of
instruction in schools.
Most literate country in Southeast Asiate
Rate

89.27%

Enjoy the greatest freedom and highest

status among women of Asia
First women to enjoy suffrage
All professions are open to them

Negative
Extravagant
Fatalistic

Outlook
Lack Discipline & Perseverance

Ningas cogon

Positive
Hospitality
Close

family ties
Debt of Gratitude
Cooperative

SIR

Courage

Rank among the bravest people on earth

 Passionately

romantic & artistic

Intelligent
Adaptability
Endurance
Resiliency
Deep

Spiritual

90%
Roman

catholic
Iglesia ni Cristo
Adventist
Baptist

Rich store house

Butuan, Agusan del Norte
Discovery
Oldest

Sta.

fleet of boats

Ana Cemetery

Porcelains of china

Cagayan

of 9 balanghai in 1976

Valley

Archeological site

Iconoclastic policy
Preferred oral or verbal communication
Poverty and lack cultural enlightenment
Fires and calamities

Origin of man

Ideas of theologians
Legends and myths
Scientific theories

Part of Gods Creation

Bird, sky & sea

The giant

 Part

of a lost continent

Lemuria or Mu
Part of Borneo, Celebes, Java, Sumatra and other islands
of the pacific

Volcanic

origin
Land Bridge theory

Part of asia maainland

4 Reasons that support Land Bridges Theory
Similarity of fauna and flora in Asia and Philippines
Similarity of rock structures
Existence of the shallow China Sea between the Asian
main-land the Philippines
Presence of foredeep at the eastern margin of the Phil
indicating the archipelago was once the edge of the Asian
Continental platform

Religious Sources
The Legneds
Migration Theory
Core Population Theory

The ancestors of the Filipinos sprang out of

soil like wild plants
Created by the sun
Created by ancient alchemist
Descended from Adam of Asia
Descendants of Tarshish

Malakas & Maganda

Lalake & Babae

Dr. H. Otley Beyer

Waves

The cave man dawn man

First

of migration

Filipinos

Aboriginal pygmy group or Negritos

Sea-faring tool-using Indonesian
Indonesia

A
Indonesia B

Sea-faring more civilized than Malays

Brought

Iron Culture

first people to come to the Philippines

also called Atis or Aetas
they came across land bridges from mainland Asia about
25,000 years ago.
Philippines then, was connected to Asia by land bridges
which later sank below the sea

Characteristics:

very small people, less than 5 feet tall

were called "Negritos" because they had black skin, short
kinky hair, thick lips, and black noses.
they wore little clothing
had no government
no writing
no permanent homes
they wandered in the forests and lived by hunting, fishing,
and gathering wild plants and fruits.
used bow and arrow for hunting.

2 types of Indonesians:
tall,

with light skin, large forehead, high nose and

thin lips
shorter and darker, with large nose, thick lips and
heavy jaw.
they
they

were more advance than negritos.

lived in permanent homes

usesd fires to cook their food
lived by hunting, fishing, and small farming.
they painted their bodies with colorful figures.

Malays, came after the Idonesians, about 2,000

years ago.
Charateristics:
medium in height

brown-skinned
with dark eyes
flat noses and straight black hair

They drove the Indonesians into the forest and

lived in the lowlands.

they were more civilized that Indonesians.

they lived in larger villages
had government, writing, music, arts and sciences.
they lived by agriculture, fishing, mining and trading.

a legend describing the coming of the

malays
it tells how the first ten Malay datus left
Borneo and came to Panay. They bought the
land from Negritos and settled to other
islands. Datu Puti led the Malay datus, and
Marikudo led the Atis. This legend is now
celebrated in the famous "ati-atihan" feast
and dance.

Unreliable method used by Prof. Beyer

Empirical archeological data for this theory
was based on surface finds and mere
conjecture
New findings contradicts the waves of
migration theory & the existence of dawn man
Undue credit given to the Malays as the
original settlers of the lowland region
Migration theory does not agree with the real
chaWho racter of Filipinos, who are adaptive
and highly creative people

AKA Base Culture Hypothesis

Early

inhabitants of the Phil are treated as a unit

consisting of a core population, who moved from
one place to another

Malayan Heritage

Independent villages

Bahay-kubo
Sea-gypsies (Badjao) Sailboat

Rice
Tuba

Kangan short sleeve jacket

Bahag stripe of cloth
Kalombigas-jewelry
Women
Baro-wide

sleeve jacket
Patadyong a piece of cloth wrapped arround
the waist

Enhance body figure

Record of war and status

putong

Basis of society
Children were given attention, affection and
discipline by parents
Loyal to ancestors
Father head of the family
Mother housekeeper
Names chosen based on circumstances

3 social class
Nobles

- Maharlika
Freeman timawas
Slaves Alipin

Causes of Slavery
Birth
Captivity

in war

Purchase
Failure

to pay debts
Penalty of crimes committed

Slaves can become a freemen

Marriages
Purchase
Voluntary

action of master

Kinds
Aliping

namamahay
Aliping saguiguilid

High position & equal with men

Engage in trade
Women became famous in songs & story
Lubluban

law giver in Visayas

Sibabae first woman in the world
Lalahon visayan Goddess of fire & volcanoes
Kalngitan sultanan of Pasig

Kudyapi tagalog guitar

Kalaleng nose flute
Kulintang muslim xylophone
Tultogan visayan drum
Suracan subanun cymbal
Dances
Kumintang

love dance (tagalog)

Mahinhin courtship dance
Dan-dansoy tuba dance
Panjalay muslim wedding dance

Marry within their ranks

Groom gave dowry or Bigaykaya
Practice

divorce

Adultery on the part of women

Desertion on the part of men
Loss of affection
Cruelty
Insanty
childlessness

Barangay ruled by DATU

Title

Raha, Hari & Lakan

Better protection against enemy

Marriage of lakan with lakambini of another
barangay

Alliance and treaties by Sandugo

Oral laws customs

Writtenn Laws made by datu
Announced

by umalohokan

Kalantiaw Code

Pagans
Bathala supreme God
Idianale

goddess of agriculture
Lakampit harvest
Sidapa death
Apolaki war
Kidul thunder
Dallang beauty
Malyari strenght and power
Poko sea
Kolyog - earthquakes

6/5/2013

FILIPINOS BELIEF IN THE NEXT LIFE

Corpses were embalmed like ancient
Egyptians & buried near the home, in
cave, headlands overlooking sea
Clothes, food, weapon and slaves are also
buried

During mourning: relatives wear rattan

bands around their neck, arms & legs
White

garments & abstained from eating meat &

drinking wine
Mourning for Dead Man : Maglahe
Mourning for Dead woman: Morotal
Dead Datu: Larao

No colorful clothes
War suspended
Singing in boats on the sea is prohibited
All warriors carried their spears pointing downward

 Believe

in aswang
Mangkukulang
Tigbalang
Tianak
Matanda sa punso

Magical Powers
Anting-anting

possessors invulnerable
Gayuma love potion
Odom Bicols magic herb makes person invisible
Uiga- Visayan charm that makes any man cross a
river without getting wet

Tikbalang

Mangkukulam

Aswang

Tiyanak

Matanda

sa punso

Superstitious Beliefs
appearance

of comet bad omen

pregnant woman cuts her hair will give birth to a
hairless child
pregnant women should not eat twin bananas
girls sings infront of a stove will marry an old
widower
when cats wipe its face with its paws, a visitor is
coming

LANGUAGES
Malayo-Polynesian Language
Mother

tongue of the Pacific races

WRITING
Baybabyin
Alphabet,

originated from Asokan (alphabet of

India)
3 Vowels, 14 consonants
Sipol

Sharp pen

Ingrave in woods and bamboo tubes, wooden

boards & leaves

Oral and written literature

Oral

Awit
Bugtong
Riddles
Proverbs
Myths
Legends
Poetry

Pre-spanish Literature
Alim

& Hudhud (Ifugao)

Lam-ang (Ilocano)
Handiong (Bicol)
Ullalim (Kalinga)
Bantingan (Maranao)
Indarapatra & Sulayman (Maguindanao)
Parang Sabil (Taosug)

Both vocational & academic

Fathers: warriors, hunters, fisherman,
miners, lumbermen, shipbuilder
Mothers: cooking, gardening, sewing &
household arts
Barangay School Bothoan under an old
man as a teacher
Reading,

writing, arithmetic, weapon, lubus

Filipinos were excellent builders

Bahay

kubo

Banka
Karakao

230-man warboat
Tattoo artist
Sculpture (anitos) stone, wood, gold
Use Medicinal Plants

Herbalist experts
Knowledge about astronomy & stars
Morning star (tala)

Talaro balance with scales

Salop

(one ganta)
Kaban (25 gantas)
Kaguitna (one half)

13 months in a year (Ifugao)

28 days a month

Farming
Kaingin

method setting fire

Regular means of tillage using wooden plows &
harrows drawn by carabaos

Land ownership
Mountains & slopes public property of
barangay
Cultivated lands owned by different
families