Reading With Comprehension

Comprehension
The ability of the readers to understand what they
are reading; to interpret ideas and inject meaning
to printed words.
Ability to read text, process it and understand its
meaning.
Capacityofthemindtoperceiveandunderstand;
powertograsp ideas;abilitytoknow.

Comprehension is a process that takes place

by
a) Microprocessing chunking of a sentence into
meaningful phrases.
b) Integrative Processing understanding and
inferring the relationships between individual
clauses and sentences in a reading piece.
c) Macroprocessing synthesizing and organizing
individual idea units into a summary or organized
series of related ideas.

d) Elaborative Processing inferring of a meaning

not necessarily intended by the writer.
e) Metacognitive Processing conscious disciplining
of ones cognitive power in order to know when
one does or does not understand something and
how to go about achieving a cognitive goal.

Levels of Comprehension
1. Literal Level reading of lines
2. Inferential Level a.k.a. interpretative level or
reading between the lines
3. Critical Level reading beyond the lines
4. Creative Level
SCHEMATA THEORY

Comprehension may be affected by

a) Emotional state
b) Experience
c) Previous knowledge
d) Language proficiency

BOTTOM UP

Prior to reading, you do not have any experience or knowledge

similar to what is given by the reading text.

Derive comprehension from the appreciation of the text.

Microprocessing, Integrative processing, Macroprocessing.

Prior to reading,
you have
experienced
ordown
Bottomup and topknown something
similar to what is
TOP DOWN
given by the
reading text.
Derive
comprehension
from prior or
previous
experience and

Interactive view
- Comprehension is the result of the interaction of
BOTTOM UP and TOP DOWN view.

Steps towards comprehension

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and

Overcoming Your Problem in Meaning about them
a) CONSULT THE
DICTIONARY

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and Overcoming Your Problem in

Meaning about them

b) TAKING A CLUE FROM CONTEXT

Examples:
Synonym Context Clue
She had a nightmare. It was really a bad dream.
Definition Context Clue
The Philippines is an archipelago, a group of islands surrounded by
water.

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and Overcoming Your Problem in

Meaning about them

Example Context Clue

An amphibian like a frog, toad, newt or a salamander has smooth
moist skin.

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and Overcoming Your Problem in

Meaning about them

Re-statement Context Clue

One of the components of a national territory is the fluvial and
maritime domain or the external and internal waters.

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and Overcoming Your Problem in

Meaning about them

Antonym Context Clue

While Narcisa is a natural glibber, her younger sister Ana is an
introvert.

1. Scanning for Unfamiliar Words and Overcoming Your Problem in

Meaning about them
C) TAKING A CLUE FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE WORD

2. Getting the Literal Meaning

- You can get the literal meaning from the facts
of your reading selection.

3. Getting the Connotative Meaning

- A meaning that is more than the literal meaning
given by facts.
- Lies between the line

ASSESSMENT
STAD

1. Andy Lim, a second year student,

understood the poem Annabel Lee
by Edgar Allan Poe really well because
he had experienced the agony of
losing a loved one. What kind of view
did he use?
A. Bottom up
B. Top down
C. Interactive

2. She is hot.
Choose its connotation.
A. She has a fever
B. She is sexy
C. She is sun bathing

3. Vic Toree broke up with his girlfriend

the other night so no matter how hard
he try to focus on what hes reading,
he really cant understand it. What
factor that hinders comprehension is
affecting him?
A. Language Competency
B. Emotional state
C. Experience

4. Even without prior association with

the things discussed in the text that
she is reading, Can Dilla answered the
questions excellently. What kind of
view did she use?
A. Bottom up
B. Top down
C. Interactive

5. Otto San, a Japanese, flunked in one

of his exams despite studying hard
because majority of the test items
were written in English. What factor
that
hinders
comprehension
is
affecting him?
A. Language Competency
B. Emotional state
C. Experience

6. This is knowing when does or does not

understand something and how to go
about achieving a cognitive goal.
A. Metacognition
B. Macroprocessing
C. Elaborative

7. Jenny, a neophyte in teaching, got

butterflies in her stomach during her
discussion. It was her first time.
A. Novice
B. Skilled
C. Expert

8. Fat Ting, a bully, is often dubbed as a

snake. Choose the connotation of the
underlined word.
A. She looks like a snake.
B. She is as flexible as a snake.
C. She is bad.

9. She did several backbends to show

how limber she was. What is the meaning
of the underlined word?
A. Flexible
B. Thin
C. Hypocrite

10. She is my baby. What is the

connotation of the underlined word?
A. She has a baby face
B. Shes a child
C. She is my girlfriend