CONTENTS
Introduction
Types of Vessels
Arteries of head and neck region
- External Carotid Artery
- Internal Carotid Artery
Veins of head and neck region
- External Veins
- Dural venous Sinuses
Summary
References
2
INTRODUCTION
THE
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Heart
Blood vessels
Series
of tubes (vessels)
that circulate blood around
the body is the vascular
system
Types of vessels
1. Aorta (elastic recoil)
Numerous layers of elastin fibers b/w
smooth ms.
5. Venules
6.
Veins
Contain little smooth muscle or elastin.
Aorta
is the largest artery in thebody, originating
from theleft ventricleof theheart.
The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all
parts of the body through thesystemic
circulation
Ascending aorta
Branches:
Supply the heart Right and Left coronary arteries
8
Arch of Aorta
Origin: Originates slightly to right at the level of
Branches:
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left subclavian
Descending Aorta
Its branches
10
carotid artery
Origin
Termination
11
Anterior view
Posterior view
Anterior:
Sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
Left pleura and lung
Left brachiocephalic vein
Thymic remnants
Posterior
Trachea , left border of oesophagus
Left subclavian artery
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Thoracic duct
13
Right
Above-the trachea
thymic veins
Left
Phrenic nerve
14
15
Carotid sinus
At the termination of
common carotid artery a
slight dilatation is seen
termed as carotid sinus.
Responsive to changes
in the arterial blood
pressure
Carotid body
Small, ellipsoid
reddish-brown
structure.
Acts as
chemoreceptor-
17
Posterior
4th and 6th cervical transverse process --longus colli, longus capitis, scalenus anterior
Medial
Oesophagus
Trachea
Inferior thyroid artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Larynx and pharynx- higher level
Lateral
Internal jugular vein
19
20
Relations of ECA
21
22
Branches
Anterior :
Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Posterior:
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Medial:
Ascending pharyngeal
Terminal:
23
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
Branches of ECA
24
25
Relations
26
Branches
27
Lingual artery
28
3 Parts
29
Relations:
-skin, superficial fascia,
platysma and deep
fascia
-lies on middle constrictor
30
Second part:
Relations:
- covered by hyoglossus, tendon of
digastric, stylohyoid and posterior part of
mylohyoid muscle
31
Third part
Extends from anterior border of hyglossus
to the tip of tongue
Relations:
Medial- genioglossus
Lateral longitudinalis linguae inferior
Below lingual mucous membrane
Accompanied by lingual nerve.
32
Facial artery
Two parts
33
Cervical part
Facial part
Tortuous course
34
Cervical branches
Submental
Tonsillar artery
Glandular branches
Facial branches
35
Occipital artery
36
Branches
Mastoid branch
Stylomastoid branch
Auricular branch
Muscular branch
Meningeal branch
Occipital branch
37
Branches
3 named branches-
39
Stylomastoid artery
Auricular artery
Occipital branch
Branches
40
Maxillary artery
Course
41
Mandibular part
Pterygoid part
Pterygopalatine part
42
Branches:
43
mylohyoid
mental
Branches:
Pterygoid branches
Massetric artery
Buccal artery
44
Pterygopalatine part
Branches:
Posterior superior alveolar
Infraorbital
Greater palatine
Pharyngeal
Artery of pterygoid canal
Sphenopalatine post.nasal
post septal.
45
46
Relations:
47
48
Parts
Divided into
Cervical
Petrous
Cavernous
Cerebral
49
Medially - ascending
pharyngeal artery
Anterolaterally sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferiorly-digastric, hypoglossal
nerve
Petrous part
Relations
Superiorlyganglion
51
trigeminal
Branches
Caroticotympanic branch or artery middle
ear
Pterygoid artery- anastomose with Gr.
Palatine artery
52
Cavernous part
Branches
Cavernous branches trigeminal Gn.
Hypophyseal branches- pitutary gland.
Meningeal branches
53
Cerebral part
Ophthalmic artery
54
Ophthalmic artery
Terminates near
the medial angle of
the eye, dividing
into supratrochlear
and dorsal nasal
55branches
Branches
Central artery of retina end
Lacrimal branch
Muscular branch
Ciliary arteries- choroid and iris
Supraorbital artery
Posterior ethmoidal artery
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Meningeal artery
Medial palpebral artery
Supratrochlear artery
56
Circle of Willis.
57
58
Veins of exterior
of head and
neck
Cervical veins
Diploic,
meningeal,
intracranial dural
venous sinuses
59
Facial vein
Maxillary vein
Retromandibular vein
Occipital vein
60
Superficial veins
61
Deep veins
62
Supra
trochlear vein
63
Supraorbital vein
64
Facial vein
Tributaries :
65
66
Retromandibular vein
Tributaries
Parotid veins
Rami for TMJ
Middle temporal
67
Tributaries
sphenopalatine vein, buccal vein,
deep temporal vein, dental vein,
pterygoid veins,
massetric veins,
68
Retromandibular vein
Origin-
Branches
Anterior branchPosterior branch-
69
Occipital Vein
70
72
73
74
RELATIONS
75
Tributaries
Lingual vein
Pharyngeal vein
Vertebral vein
76
77
CLASSIFICATION
Paired
Cavernous sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Petrosquamous sinus
Middle meningeal sinus
78
Unpaired
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Occipital sinus
Anterior intercavernous
sinus
Posterior intravenous
sinus
Basilar plexus of veins
CAVERNOUS SINUS
79
RELATIONS
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
81
Abducent nerve
82
Sphenoparietal sinus
Sphenoparietal sinus
Anterior view
85
Transverse sinus
Tributaries
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior cerebral veins
Inferior cerebellar veins
Diploic vein
Inferior anastomotic vein
86
Straight sinus
87
Confluence of sinuses
88
Tributaries
89
90
Sigmoid sinus
91
Tributaries:
Cerebellar vein
92
Occipital sinus
Small, attached to
margin of falx cerebri
93
Sphenoparietal
sinus
Lie along posterior
free margin of
lesser wing of
sphenoid
Drain to anteior
cavernous sinus
Superior petrosal
sinus
Anterior part of
tentorium cerebelli
94
95
References
Lasts anatomy
96
THANK
YOU.
97
QUESTION
98
AND ANSWERS
99
100
TUNICA MEDIA:
Consists of circumferentially
arranged layers of smooth muscle
102
103
104
105
ARTERIOLES
107
108
CAPILLARIES
109
110
111
Immunohistochemistry
Lincolns highway?
113
Canals of Zuckerkandl?
Perforating canals of Zuckerkandl & Hirschfeld
are the nutrient canals in interdental and
interradicular septa which house the
interdental and interradicular arteries , veins,
lymph vessels and nerves.
115
Diploic veins?
Diploe or diploic space is found in
thebonesof the vault of the skull, and is
themarrow-containing area ofcancellous
bonebetween the inner and outer layers
ofcompact bone.
116
Littles area?
117
118
If ECA is ligated on one side ,how does the ECA on other side
compensate for it?