Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
01: Dispersion
02/03: The EM Spectrum
04: Pupil Research
05: Pupil Presentations
understand that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum which includes radio,
microwave, infra-red, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves
travel at the same speed in free space
recall the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in decreasing wavelength and increasing
frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum
recall the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves,
including
microwaves : internal heating of body tissue
infra-red : skin burns
ultraviolet : damage to surface cells and blindness
gamma rays : cancer, mutation
Dispersion
09/27/16
Aim:
Starter:
Dispersion
The white light ray is
split into a spectrum of
colours. This is known as
DISPERSION.
How
do youOf
remember
order
of the colours?
Richard
Yorkthe
Gave
Battle
In Vain
Newtons Disk
Dispersion Summary
Red/violet
Red/violet
Refracted more/less by
glass
Refracted more/less by
glass
Longer/shorter
wavelength
Longer/shorter
wavelength
Addition of Colours
There
Colour Blindness
No functioning cones:
See black and white, have problems with daylight, because it is too
bright for them; they also lack visual acuity
One type of cone working:
see colours only as variations in intensity, similar to black-and-white
or one colour images
Red Cone Not Working:
typically only two (yellow, blue) can be distinguished - yellow
comprises red, orange, yellow, and green, blue coincides with blue and
purple
Green cone not working;
green cannot be distinguished from certain combinations of red and
blue; this is the most common type of colour deficiency
Blue cone not working:
longer wavelengths appear as red and the shorter ones as bluishgreen; this colour deficiency is very rare
More than 8% of the male and about 0.04% of the female population
have some sort of colour anomaly or deficiency.
Tests
Which is Longer?
Stopwatch Graph Home
A Spiral?
Definitions
Copy
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wavelength () increases
Radio
Most penetrating
Micro
High energy
Infra-R
ed
Short wavelength
Light
Ultra-Vi
olet
X rays
Gamma
High frequency
Low frequency
Highfrequency
frequency
Low
Long wavelength
Shortwavelength
wavelength
Long
Low energy
Highenergy
energy
Low
Least penetrating
Most penetrating
Least
penetrating
Stopwatch Graph Home
The EM Spectrum
recap
Aim:
To explain the dangers and uses of the EM Spectrum
Starter:
Light, a type of radiation, is part of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
The electromagnetic spectrum is made
up of different types of radiation.
The different types of radiation have
different properties and behaviour.
All electromagnetic waves can travel
through space.
All electromagnetic waves travel at the
same speed in a vacuum [300,000,000
m/s].
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
Stopwatch Graph Home
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wavelength () increases
Radio
Micro
Infra-R
ed
Light
UltraViolet
X rays
Gamma
High frequency
Remember
Low frequency
Short wavelength
My
Long wavelength
High energy
Instructions
Low energy
Most penetrating
Visible
Least penetrating
Under
X Ray
Glasses
Radiation
Uses
Dangers
Gamma
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Light
Infra red
Microwaves
Radio waves
Stopwatch Graph Home
Microbes can be
killed using gamma
radiation
High
Level
nuclear
waste
Increasing
dose
healthy
brain
tissue
tumour
view through
the head
EM Radiation:
Gamma
Uses:
sterilising surgical
equipment and food,
killing cancer cells.
Dangers:
High doses can kill cells.
Lower does can cause cancer
(brain, liver, bone, leukemia)
Sterility
Stopwatch Graph Home
X-ray
tube
X-ray
tube
Detection of broken
bones in the body
Stopwatch Graph Home
Customs
Movie
Damage to organs.
X-rays can penetrate
to the vital organs
inside the body.
EM Radiation:
X rays
Uses:
Shadow pictures of
luggage and inside the
human body.
Dangers:
High doses can kill cells.
Lower doses can cause
cancer
Sterility
UV
39637
Visible light
(longer wavelength)
Movie Friends
EM Radiation:
Ultraviolet
Uses:
Dangers:
Sun Burn.
Skin cancer
Blindness
Stopwatch Graph Home
Optical Fibres
Optical
Whatfibres,
are thethat are
used
applications
in communication,
of
use
total
total
internal
internal
reflection.
reflection?
EM Radiation:
Light
Uses:
Photography and
endoscopes
Dangers:
Blindness
Stopwatch Graph Home
This effect is
called the
greenhouse
effect
(or global
warming)
Night vision
All objects above absolute zero
emit infrared radiation. The hotter
an object is, the more heat
radiation it emits. Some animals
and cameras can detect infrared
radiation and are able to build up
a heat picture.
light is hot
Walking in the
Woodland
Fireman
dark is cold
Stopwatch Graph Home
EM Radiation:
Infrared
Uses:
Dangers:
Skin burns
Communications
satellites use
microwaves
The microwaves can
pass straight through
the ionosphere
Their shorter wavelength
(higher frequency)
means they are more
penetrating than radio
waves
Stopwatch Graph Home
Microwave oven
The microwaves
You
will need to understand
have the exact
howwavelength
microwaves
cook food to be absorbed by the water
(frequency)
molecules
The molecules move faster
The water temperature
increases
Demo
EM Radiation:
Microwaves
Uses:
Satellite communication,
mobile phones, cooking,
RADAR.
Dangers:
Internal tissue
heating.
Stopwatch Graph Home
aerial 1
aerial 2
Stopwatch Graph Home
transmitter
Stopwatch Graph Home
EM Radiation:
Radio waves
Uses:
Communication and
astronomy.
Dangers:
EM Questions
1)
Gamma rays
Allow us to see
Radio waves
Remote Controls
Ultra Violet
Visible
Carry TV signals
Microwaves
RADAR
X rays
Sterilise equipment
Infra Red
Causes sun-tans
Stopwatch Graph Home
EM Questions
2) Which radiations are missing from below?
Gamma
Ultraviolet
A.
B.
Light
Infrared
Radio waves
___________
X rays
Microwaves
___________
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The EM Spectrum
recap
Aim:
To explain the dangers and uses of the EM Spectrum
Research 09/27/16
Aim:
Prepare a presentation on part of the EM
Spectrum
Task:
Groups of 2 or 3
Your presentation should last 3-4 minutes
Everyone must talk
You must explain at least the uses and dangers