AND CONTROL OF
CONTRACEPTION
POPULATION DYNAMICS
Not static but is always in a dynamic state
Factors involved : 1) deaths 2)births 3)migration
METHODS
METHODS OF CONTRACEPEPTION
TEMPORARY
-BARRIER METHODS
NATURAL CONTRACEPTION
INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTION
DEVICE
STEROIDAL CONTRACEPTION
PERMANENT
- FEMALE : TUBAL OCCLUSION
-MALE : VASECTOMY
BARRIER METHODS
Prevent sperm deposition in the vagina or prevent
sperm penetration through cervical canal.
Can be achieved by mechanical device or chemical
means which produce sperm immobilisation or by
combined means.
CONDOMS
Made from polyurethane or latex
Polyurathane condoms are thinner (0.010-0.020mm)
and suitable for who are sensitive to latex rubber.
Widely practised method used by the male
Additional advantage : protection against sexual
transmitted disease
CONDOMS
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGES
Cheaper
No side effects
Easy to carry, simple and disposable
Protection against STI
Reduce incidence of tubal infertility and
ectopic pregnancy
Useful where the coital act is infrequent
and irregular
DIAPHRAGM
Intravaginal device made of rubber with flexible metal
or spring ring at the margin
Diameter varies 5-10cm
The device is introduced upto 3 hours before SI and is
the be kept at least 6 hours after last SI
Ill fitting and accidental displacement during intercourse
increase failure rate
DIAPHRAGM
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGES
CHEAP
CAN BE USED REPEATEDLY FOR A LONG
TIME
USED WITH SPERMICIDE REDUCES THE
INCIDENCE OF PID/ STD TO SOME
EXTENT
NATURAL CONTRACEPTION
RHYTM METHOD
- based on identification of fertile period of a cycle and
to abstain form sexual intercourse during that period
Methods include :
a) Calendar rhythm
b) Mucus rhythm
c) Temperature rhythm
RHYTHM METHOD
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGES
No cost
Lack of side effects
COITUS INTERRUPTUS
Oldest and probably the most widely accepted
contraceptive method.
Necessitates withdrawal of penis shortly before
ejaculation
Requires sufficient self control by the man so that
withdrawal of penis precedes ejaculation
COITUS INTERRUPTUS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
No appliance is requires
No cost
Breast Feeding
Prolonged and sustained breast feeding offers a natural
protection of pregnancy
More effective who are ammenorheic that those who are
menstruating
Risk less than 2% in the first 6 months.
Breast feeding must be exclusive for 6 months to make
sure this method works.
THANK YOU